1.1 General Definitions
Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes
place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of
flight until such time as all such
persons have disembarked, in which:
(a) A person is fatally or
seriously injured as a result of:
(1)
Being in the aircraft;
(2)
Direct contact with
any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the
aircraft; or
(3)
Direct exposure to jet
blast, except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or
inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding
outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or
(b) The aircraft sustains damage or
structural failure which:
(1)
Adversely affects the
structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and
(2)
Would normally require
major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for engine
failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or
accessories; or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tires,
brakes, fairings, small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or
(c) The aircraft is missing or is
completely inaccessible.
Note 1: For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death
within thirty days of the date of the accident is classified as a fatal injury.
Note 2: An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search
has been terminated and the wreckage has not been located.
Accredited medical
conclusion. The conclusion reached by one or more medical experts
acceptable to ECAA for the purposes of the case concerned, in consultation with
flight operations or other experts as necessary.
Accounting management. An ATN systems management facility to
monitor users for use of network resources and to limit the use of those
resources
ADS application. An ATN application that provides ADS data from the
aircraft to the ATS unit(s) for surveillance purposes.
Advisory airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions, or designated route, within hich air
traffic advisory service is available.
Advisory route. A designated route along which air traffic advisory service is
available.
Aerial work. An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialized
services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying observation
and patrol, search and rescue, aerial advertisement, etc.
Aerodrome. A defined
area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment)
intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and
surface movement of aircraft.
Aerodrome control service. Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
Aerodrome control tower. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome
traffic.
Aerodrome elevation. The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
Aerodrome operating minima. The limits of usability of an
aerodrome for:
(a) Take-off, expressed in terms of
runway visual range and/or visibility and, if necessary, cloud conditions;
(b) Landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in
terms of visibility and/or runway visual range and decision altitude/height
(DA/H) as appropriate to the category of the operation;
(c) Landing in
approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressed in terms of
visibility and/or runway visual range and decision altitude/height (DA/H); and
(d) Landing in non-precision approach and
landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or runway visual
range, minimum descent altitude/height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, cloud
conditions.
Aerodrome reference point. The designated geographical location of an aerodrome.
Aerodrome traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft
flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
Aeronautical administrative communication (AAC). Communication used by aeronautical operating agencies related to the business aspects of operating their flights and transport services. This communication is used for a variety of purposes, such as flight and ground transportation, bookings, deployment of crew and aircraft or any other logistical purposes that maintain or enhance the efficiency of over-all flight operation.
Aeromedical board means the Egyptian Aeromedical Board.
Aeronautical fixed service (AFS). A telecommunication service between specified fixed points provided
primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the regular, efficient and
economical operation of air services.
Aeronautical fixed telecommunication
network (AFTN). A worldwide system of aeronautical fixed
circuits provided, as part of the aeronautical fixed service, for the exchange
of messages and/or digital data between aeronautical fixed stations having the
same or compatible communications characteristics.
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). A publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing
aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.
Aeronautical mobile-satellite (R)* service
(RR S1.36). An aeronautical
mobile-satellite service reserved for communications relating to safety and
regularity of flights, primarily along national or international civil air
routes.
Aeronautical mobile service (RR S1.32). A mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or
between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate;
emergency position-indicating radio beacon stations may also participate in
this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies.
Aeronautical operational control (AOC). Communication required for the
exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or
termination of flight for safety, regularity and efficiency reasons.
Aeronautical passenger communication (APC). Communication relating to the non-safety voice and data services to
passengers and crew members for personal communication.
Aeronautical station (RR S1.81). A land station in the aeronautical mobile service. In certain instances,
an aeronautical station may be located, for example, on board ship or on a
platform at sea.
Aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN). An internetwork architecture
that allows ground, air-ground and avionic data subnetworks to interoperate by
adopting common interface services and protocols based on the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
reference model.
Aeronautical telecommunication station. A station in the aeronautical telecommunication service.
Aeroplane. A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight
chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given
conditions of flight.
AIDC application. An ATN application dedicated to exchanges between ATS units
(ATSUs) of air traffic control (ATC) information in support of flight
notification, flight coordination, transfer of control, transfer of
communication, transfer of surveillance data and transfer of general data.
Aircraft address. A unique combination of twenty-four bits
available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of air-ground
communications, navigation and surveillance.
Aircraft - category. Classification of aircraft according to
specified basic characteristics, e.g. aeroplane, helicopter, glider, free
balloon.
Aircraft earth station (AES). A mobile earth station in the
aeronautical mobile-satellite service located on board an aircraft (see also
“GES”).
Air-ground control radio station. An aeronautical telecommunication station having primary responsibility
for handling communications pertaining to the operation and control of aircraft
in a given area.
Air-report. A report from an aircraft in flight prepared in conformity with
requirements for position, and operational and/or meteorological reporting.
Air-taxiing. Movement of a helicopter/VTOL above the surface of an aerodrome,
normally in ground effect and at a ground speed normally less than 37 km/h (20
kt).
Air A1craft - type of. All aircraft of the same basic design
A1including all modifications thereto except those modi A1fications which
result in a change in handling or flight characteristics.
Air Carrier means any person who undertakes to
engage in commercial air transportation in scheduled and/ or unscheduled
service over domestic routes. International routes, or a combination thereof.
Air carrier operating certificate means a
document issued by the ECAA certifying that the applicant has been found to be
properly and adequately equipped and capable of conducting a safe operation
under the Egyptian Civil Aviation Supervisory Regulations
Air defence identification zone (ADIZ). Special designated airspace of defined
dimensions within which aircraft are required to comply with special
identification and/or reporting procedures additional to those related to the
provision of air traffic services (ATS).
Air navigation means the operation of aircraft in air
space. It includes air transportation
operations and all other operational uses of aircraft in flight.
Air taxiway. A defined path on the surface established for the air taxiing of
helicopters.
Air traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an
aerodrome.
Air traffic advisory service. A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so
far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans.
Air traffic control means a service operated by
appropriate authority to promote the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air
traffic.
Air traffic control clearance means authorization
for an aircraft to be protected under conditions specified by an air traffic
control unit.
Air traffic control service. A service provided for the purpose of:
(a) Preventing
collisions:
(1)
Between aircraft, and
(2)
On the manoeuvring
area between aircraft and obstructions, and
(b)
Expediting and
maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.
Air traffic control unit. A generic term meaning variously, area
control centre, approach control unit
or aerodrome control tower.
Air
traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight
information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air
traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or
aerodrome control service).
Air
traffic services airspaces. Airspaces of defined dimensions,
alphabetically designated, within which specific types of flights may operate
and for which air traffic services and rules of operation are specified.
Air traffic services reporting office. A unit
established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic
services and flight plans submitted before departure.
Air traffic services unit. A generic term
meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air
traffic services reporting office.
Air transit route. A defined path on the surface established
for the air transitting of helicopters.
Air transport or air transportation means the
operation of Egyptian registered civil aircraft for the purpose of transporting
persons and property.
Air operator certificate (AOC). A certificate authorizing an operator to carry out specified commercial
air transport operations.
Airborne collision avoidance
system (ACAS). An aircraft system based on
secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which operates
independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on
potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.
Aircraft. Any machine
that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other
than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface.
Aircraft address. A unique combination of twenty-four bits available for assignment to an
aircraft for the purpose of air-ground communications, navigation and
surveillance.
Aircraft approach category means a grouping of aircraft
based on a speed of 1.3 Vso
(at the maximum certificated landing weight). Vso and the maximum certificated landing weight are those
values as established for the aircraft by the certificating authority of the
state of manufacture:
(a) Category A: Speed less than 91 knots;
(b) Category B: Speed 91 knots or more but less
than 121 knots;
(c) Category C: Speed 121 knots or more but less
than 141 knots;
(d) Category D: Speed 141 knots or more but less
than 166 knots; and
(e) Category E: Speed 166 knots or more.
Aircraft avionics. A term designating any electronic device
- including its electrical part - for use in an aircraft, including radio,
automatic flight control and instrument systems.
Aircraft certificated for single-pilot operation. A type of aircraft which the State of
Aircraft engine means an engine that is used or
intended to be used for propelling aircraft. It includes turbo superchargers,
appurtenances, and accessories necessary for its functioning.
Aircraft flight manual means a document containing the
limitations, procedures, information, and data including approved information
pertaining to each aircraft of an approved design and models thereof pertinent
to the safe operation of that particular aircraft.
Aircraft operating manual. A manual, acceptable to the State of the Operator, containing normal,
abnormal and emergency procedures, checklists, limitations, performance
information, details of the aircraft systems and other material relevant to the
operation of the aircraft.
Aircraft stand. A designated area on an apron intended to be used for parking an
aircraft.
Airframe means the fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairing,
airfoil surfaces (including rotors but excluding propellers and rotating
airfoils of engines), and landing gear of an aircraft and their accessories and
controls.
Airman means any person who serves in the capacity of pilot in
command, or as other pilot, flight engineer, or as other member of the flight
crew each having assigned duties to perform aboard that aircraft for its safe
operation during flight time: and any person who serves in the capacity of a
mechanic performing or supervising the inspection, maintenance, repair or
overhaul of aircraft, aircraft engines, aircraft propellers, or aircraft
appliances, and any other person who serves in the capacity of a flight
instructor, an aircraft dispatcher, or a repairman, performing duties under the provisions and requirements
of these regulations.
Airman certificate means a document issued by the
Chairman of the Civil Aviation Supervisory Authority certifying that he has
found the applicant qualified under the Civil Aviation Regulations governing
the capacity in which the certificate authorizes the holder to act as an
airman.
AIRMET information. Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning the
occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena which
may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations and which was not
already included in the forecast issued for low-level flights in the flight
information region concerned or sub-area thereof.
Airport traffic area means, unless otherwise specifically
designated by ATC, that airspace within a horizontal radius of 5 nautical miles
from a geographical center of any airport at which an operating control tower
is located, extending from the surface up to, but not including, on altitude of
3,000 feet above the elevation of the airport.
Airway. A control
area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor.
Alert phase. A situation wherein apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft
and its occupants.
Alerting service. A service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding
aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as
required.
Alternate aerodrome. An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either
impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended
landing.
Altitude. The vertical
distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from
mean sea level (MSL).
Appliance means any instrument, mechanism,
equipment, part, apparatus, appurtenance, or accessory, including
communications equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating or
controlling an aircraft in flight, is installed in or attached to the aircraft,
and is not part of an airframe, engine, or propeller.
Application. The ultimate use of an information system, as distinguished
from the system itself.
Application entity (AE). Part of an application process that is concerned with
communication within the OSI environment. The aspects of an application process
that need to be taken into account for the purposes of OSI are represented by
one or more AEs.
Application information. Refers to the application names (e.g. AE qualifiers such as
ADS and CPC), version numbers, and addresses (the long or short TSAP, as
required) of each application.
Approach and landing operations using
instrument approach procedures. Instrument approach
and landing operations are classified as follows:
(a)
Non-precision approach
and landing operations. An instrument approach and landing which utilizes lateral
guidance but does not utilize vertical guidance.
(b)
Approach and landing
operations with vertical guidance.
(c)
An instrument approach
and landing which utilizes lateral and vertical guidance but does not meet the
requirements established for precision approach and landing operations.
(d)
Precision approach and
landing operations. An instrument approach and landing using precision lateral
and vertical guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation.
Approach control service. Air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled
flights.
Approach control unit. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled
flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes.
Appropriate ATS authority. The relevant authority designated by the State responsible for providing
air traffic services in the airspace concerned.
Approved, unless used with reference to another person, means
approved by the Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority.
Approved design means a design that meets the
specifications, drawings, reports, and documentary evidence for aircraft
engines, propellers, appliances, or parts that comply with applicable
airworthiness requirements of the State of
Approved examiner or check airman means any
person who is authorized by the ECAA to conduct a
pilot proficiency test or a practical test for an airman license or
rating issued under this Part or a person who is authorized to conduct a
knowledge test under this Part.
Approved maintenance organization. An
organization approved by a
Apron. A defined
area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of
loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or
maintenance.
Apron management service. A service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of
aircraft and vehicles on an apron.
Area control centre. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled
flights in control areas under its jurisdiction.
Area control service. Air traffic control service for controlled flights in control areas.
Area navigation (RNAV) means a method of navigation
that permits aircraft operations on any desired course within the coverage of
station-referenced navigation signals or within the limits of self contained
system capability.
ATS route. A specified
route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the
provision of air traffic services.
ATS surveillance service
Term used to indicate
a service provided directly by means of an ATS surveillance system.
ATS surveillance system.
A generic term
meaning variously, ADS-B, PSR, SSR or any comparable ground-based system that
enables the identification of aircraft.
ATN directory
services (DIR). A service which provides the capability for an application
entity or user in the ATN community to query a distributed directory data base
and retrieve addressing, security and technical capabilities information
relating to other users or entities within the ATN community
ATN security services. A set of information security provisions allowing the
receiving end system or intermediate system to unambiguously identify (i.e.
authenticate) the source of the received information and to verify the
integrity of that information.
ATN systems management (SM). A collection of facilities to
control, coordinate and monitor the resources which allow communications to
take place in the ATN environment. These facilities include fault management,
accounting management, configuration management, performance management and
security management.
ATSC class. The ATSC class parameter enables the ATSC user to specify
the quality of service expected for the offered data. The ATSC class value is
specified in terms of ATN end-to-end transit delay at 95 per cent probability.
Automatic terminal information service (ATIS). The automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and
departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified portion thereof.
ATS communications (ATSC). Communication related to air traffic services including air
traffic control, aeronautical and meteorological information, position
reporting and services related to safety and regularity of flight. This communication
involves one or more air traffic service administrations. This term is used for
purposes of address administration.
Automatic dependent surveillance (ADS). A surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a
data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position-fixing systems,
including aircraft identification, four-dimensional position and additional
data as appropriate.
Automatic terminal information service
(ATIS). The automatic provision of current, routine information to
arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified portion
thereof.
Authorized instructor means:
(a) A person who holds a valid ground instructor
certificate issued under this Part when conducting ground training in accordance with the
privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate;
(b) A person who holds a current flight
instructor rating issued under this Part when conducting ground training or flight training in
accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight instructor rating; or
(c) A person authorized by the ECAA to
provide ground training or flight training under Parts
121, 141 or 142
when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with that
authority.
Authorized representative of the civil aviation authority means an
employee of the Civil Aviation Supervisory Authority (CASA) or any private
person, authorized by the Chairman to perform any of the duties of the Chairman
as delegated to those employees or as delegated to a designated private
person.
Aviation medical examiner means a licensed physician
designated by the Chairman of the Civil Aviation Supervisory Authority to
perform required airman medical examinations and to issue or deny medical
certificates as prescribed by the Civil Aviation Regulations.
Balloon. A
non-power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft.
Bare Earth. Surface of the Earth including bodies of water and permanent ice and
snow, and excluding vegetation and man-made objects.
Cabin crew means a person assigned to duty in an
aircraft passenger cabin for the purpose of assuring passenger safety during
flight time in accordance with the Civil Aviation Regulations.
(a) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges,
and limitations of airmen means a broad class of aircraft. Examples include airplane, rotorcraft, glider
and lighter-than-air; and
(b) As used with
respect to the certification of aircraft, means a grouping of aircraft based
upon intended use or operating limitations.
Examples include transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, restricted,
experimental, glider, and balloon.
Cabin crew member. A crew member who performs, in the interest of safety of passengers,
duties assigned by the operator or the pilot-in-command of the aircraft, but
who shall not act as a flight crew member.
Calendar. Discrete temporal reference system that
provides the basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of one day
(ISO 19108*).
Canopy. Bare Earth
supplemented by vegetation height.
Category: Categories of precision approach and landing operations:
Category I (CAT I) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with:
(a) ADecision height not lower than 60 m (200 ft) ; and
(b) With either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550m.
Category II (CAT II) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with:
(a) A decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft), and
(b) A runway visual range not less than 300 m.
Category IIIA (CAT IIIA) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with:
(a) A decision height lower than 30 m (100 ft) or no decision height; and
(b) A runway visual range not less than 175 m.
Category IIIB (CAT IIIB) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with:
(1) A decision height lower than 15 m (50 ft) or no decision height; and
(2) A runway visual range less than 175 m but not less than 50 m.
Category IIIC (CAT IIIC) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with no decision height and no runway visual range limitations.
Note.— Where decision height (DH) and runway visual range (RVR) fall into different categories of operation, the instrument approach and landing operation would be conducted in accordance with the requirements of the most demanding category (e.g. an operation with a DH in the range of CAT IIIA but with an RVR in the range of CAT IIIB would be considered a CAT IIIB operation or an operation with a DH in the range of CAT II but with an RVR in the range of CAT I would be
considered a CAT II operation).
Category with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a broad classification of aircraft. Examples include: airplane; rotorcraft; glider; and lighter-than-air.
Category with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a grouping of aircraft based upon intended use or operating limitations. Examples include: transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, limited, restricted, and provisional.
Category with respect to transport category rotorcraft:
(a) Category A , means multiengine rotorcraft designed with engine and system isolation features specified in Part 29 and utilizing scheduled takeoff and landing operations under a critical engine failure concept which assures adequate designated surface area and adequate performance capability for continued safe flight in the event of engine failure.
(b) Category B, means single-engine or multiengine rotorcraft which do not fully meet all Category A standards. Category B rotorcraft have no guaranteed stay-up ability in the event of engine failure and unscheduled landing is assumed.
Certificate of airworthiness means the same
as a Certificate of Fitness for Flight, and indicates the issuing authority has
determined the aircraft meets all requirements for certification at date of
issue.
Certificate of fitness for flight means the same
as Certificate of Airworthiness.
Certificated: unless used with reference to another
person, means certificated and/or validated by the Egyptian Civil Aviation
Supervisory Authority
Certify as
airworthy (to). To certify that an aircraft or
parts thereof comply with current airworthiness requirements after maintenance
has been performed on the aircraft or parts thereof.
Charter flights and other special services means any
commercial air transport operation other than approved scheduled operations
conducted by a certificated Egyptian air carrier or air taxi.
Note: Charter
Flights and other special services shall be conducted under the rules of that
regulation applicable to ECAR 121 operators or as otherwise authorized by the
ECAA.
Class:
(a) As used with respect to the certification,
ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a classification of
aircraft having similar operating characteristics. Examples include, single
engine, multiengine, land, sea, helicopter, and free balloon; and
(b) As used with respect to the certification of
aircraft, means a broad grouping of aircraft having similar characteristics of
propulsion, flight, or landing, Examples include: airplane, rotorcraft, glider,
landplane, seaplane, and balloon.
Class I: As used with
regard to airman medical certification means a medical certificate issued by an
ECAA designated Aviation Medical Examiner in accordance with standards
prescribed for the ICAO Class I medical assessment in chapter 6 on Annex 1 to
the Convention of International Civil Aviation.
Class II: As used with
regard to airman medical certification means a medical certificate issued by a
CAA designated Aviation Medical Examiner in accordance with standards
prescribed for the ICAO Class II medical assessment in chapter 6 of Annex 1 to
the Convention of International Civil Aviation.
Clearway means, for turbine engine powered airplanes, and area
beyond the runway, not less than 500 feet wide, centrally located about the
extended centerline of the runway, and under the control of the airport
authorities. The clearway is expressed in terms of a clearway plane extending
from the end of the runway with an upward slope not exceeding 1.25 percent,
above which no object nor any terrain protrudes. However, threshold lights may
protrude above the plane if their height above the end of the runway is 26
inches or less and if they are located at each side of the runway.
Co-pilot. A licensed pilot serving in any piloting capacity other
than as pilot-in-command but excluding a pilot who is on board the aircraft for
the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction.
Cockpit crewmember means a pilot, flight engineer, or
other airman assigned for duty in an aircraft during flight time in accordance
with the Civil Aviation Regulations.
Commercial air transport operation. An aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or
mail for remuneration or hire.
Commercial air transportation means the operation
of Egyptian registered aircraft for the purpose of the carriage of persons or
property for compensation or hire.
Configuration (as applied to the aeroplane). A particular combination of the positions
of the moveable elements, such as wing flaps and landing gear, etc., that
affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the aeroplane.
Configuration management. An ATN systems
management facility for managers to change the configuration of remote
elements.
Configuration deviation list (CDL). A list established by the organization responsible for the type design
with the approval of the State of Design which identifies any external parts of
an aircraft type which may be missing at the commencement of a flight, and
which contains, where necessary, any information on associated operating
limitations and performance correction.
Congested area. In relation to a city, town or settlement, any area which is
substantially used for residential, commercial or recreational purposes.
Control area. A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the
earth.
Control zone means a controlled airspace extending
upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.
Context management (CM) application. An ATN application that
provides a log-on service allowing initial aircraft introduction into the ATN
and a directory of all other data link applications on the aircraft. It also
includes functionality to forward addresses between ATS units.
Context management (CM) server. An ATS facility that
is capable of providing application information relating to other ATSUs to
requesting aircraft or ATSUs.
Control zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to
a specified upper limit.
Controlled aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to
aerodrome traffic.
Controlled airspace means an airspace of defined
dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to controlled
flights.
Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control
service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification.
Controlled flight. Any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance.
Controller pilot data link communication
(CPDLC). A means of communication between controller and pilot, using
data link for ATC communications.
Crew member. A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight
duty period.
Crewmember means a person assigned to perform
duty in an aircraft during flight time.
Critical engine means the engine whose failure would
most adversely affect the performance or handling qualities of an aircraft.
Critical power-unit(s). The power-unit(s) failure of which gives the most adverse effect on the
aircraft characteristics relative to the case under consideration.
Cruising level. A level maintained during a significant portion of a flight.
Culture. All man-made
features constructed on the surface of the Earth by man, such as cities,
railways, and canals.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). A mathematical algorithm applied to the digital expression of data that
provides a level of assurance against loss or alteration of data.
Horizontal reference system
World Geodetic System - 1984 (WGS-84) shall be used as the horizontal
(geodetic) reference system. Reported aeronautical geographical coordinates
(indicating latitude and longitude) shall be expressed in terms of the WGS-84
geodetic reference datum.
Dangerous goods. Articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health,
safety, property or the environment and which are shown in the list of
dangerous goods in the Technical Instructions or which are classified according
to those Instructions.
Data link communications. A form of communication intended for the exchange of messages via a data
link.
Data link-automatic terminal information service (D-ATIS). The provision of ATIS via data link.
Data link-automatic terminal Danger area. An airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to
the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times.
Data quality. A degree or level of confidence that the data provided meet the
requirements of the data user in terms of accuracy, resolution and integrity.
Data integrity. The probability that data has not been
altered or destroyed.
D-METAR. The symbol used to designate data link aviation weather
report service.
Datum. Any quantity or set of quantities that may
serve as a reference or basis for the calculation of other quantities (ISO
19104*).
Decision altitude (DA) or decision height
(DH). A specified altitude or height in the precision approach or
approach with vertical guidance at which a missed approach must be initiated if
the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established
Decision height with respect to the operation of aircraft, means the
height at which a decision must me made during a precision instrument approach,
to either continue the approach or to execute a missed approach.
Destination alternate. An alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should it become
impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.
Displaced threshold. A threshold not located at the extremity of a runway.
Distress phase. A situation wherein there is a reasonable certainty that an aircraft and
its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger and require immediate
assistance.
Dual instruction time. Flight time during which a person is
receiving flight instruction from a properly authorized pilot on board the
aircraft.
Duplex. A method in
which telecommunication between two stations can take place in both directions
simultaneously.
Elevated heliport. A heliport located on a raised structure on land.
Elevation. The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface
of the earth, measured from mean sea level.
Ellipsoid height (Geodetic height). The height related to the reference ellipsoid, measured along the
ellipsoidal outer normal through the point in question.
Emergency locator transmitter (ELT). A generic term describing equipment which broadcast distinctive signals
on designated frequencies and, depending on application, may be automatically
activated by impact or be manually activated. An ELT may be any of the
following:
(a)
Automatic fixed ELT
(ELT(AF)). An automatically activated ELT which is permanently attached to an
aircraft.
(b)
Automatic portable ELT
(ELT(AP)). An automatically activated ELT which is rigidly attached to an
aircraft but readily removable from the aircraft.
(c)
Automatic deployable
ELT (ELT(AD)). An ELT which is rigidly attached to an aircraft and which is
automatically deployed and activated by impact, and, in some cases, also by
hydrostatic sensors. Manual deployment is also provided.
Emergency phase. A generic term meaning, as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert
phase or distress phase.
End system (ES). A system that contains the OSI seven
layers and contains one or more end user application processes.
End-to-end. Pertaining or relating to an entire communication path, typically from
(1) the interface between the information source and the communication system
at the transmitting end to (2) the interface between the communication system
and the information user or processor or application at the receiving end.
En-route alternate. An aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land after
experiencing an abnormal or emergency condition while en route.
Error. An action or inaction
by an operational person that leads to deviations from organizational or the operational person's
intentions or expectations.
ETOPS en-route alternate. A suitable and appropriate alternate aerodrome at which an aeroplane
would be able to land after experiencing an engine shut-down or other abnormal
or emergency condition while en route in an ETOPSoperation.y survivors.
Extended over water operation means with
respect to aircraft, other than helicopters, an operation over water at a
horizontal distance of more than 100 nautical miles or more than 30 minutes
flying time up to 100 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline, whichever is
less.
Exemption. An authorization issued by the Minister of Egyptian Civil Aviation
providing relief from the provisions of this ECAR.
Feature. Abstraction
of real world phenomena (ISO 19101*).
Fault management. An ATN systems management facility to
detect, isolate and correct problems.
Final approach and take-off area (FATO). A defined area over which the final phase of the approach manoeuvre to
hover or landing is completed and from which the take-off manoeuvre is
commenced. Where the FATO is to be used by performance Class 1 helicopters, the
defined area includes the rejected take-off area available.
Final approach. That part of an instrument approach procedure which commences at the
specified final approach fix or point, or where such a fix or point is not
specified,
(a) At the end of the
last procedure turn, base turn or inbound turn of a racetrack procedure, if
specified; or
(b) At the point of
interception of the last track specified in the approach procedure; and ends at
a point in the vicinity of an aerodrome from which:
(1)
A landing can be made;
or
(2)
A missed approach
procedure is initiated.
FIS application. An ATN application that provides to aircraft information
and advice useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
Fireproof:
(a) With respect to materials and parts used to
confine fire in a designated fire zone, means the capacity to withstand at
least as well as steel in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which they
are used, the heat produced when there is a severe fire of extended duration in
that zone; and
(b) With respect to other materials and parts,
means the capacity to withstand the heat associated with fire at least as well
as steel in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which they are used.
Flammable with respect to a fluid or gas means
susceptible to igniting or to exploding.
Flame resistant means not susceptible to combustion to
the point of propagating a flame, beyond safe limits, after the ignition source
is removed.
Flash resistant means not susceptible to burning
violently when ignited.
Flight crew member. A licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of
an aircraft during a flight duty period.
Flight Data Analysis. A process of analysing recorded flight
data in order to improve the safety of flight operations.
Flight duty period. The total time from the moment a flight crew member commences duty,
immediately subsequent to a rest period and prior to making a flight or a
series of flights, to the moment the flight crew member is relieved of all
duties having completed such flight or series of flights.
Flight information centre. A unit established to provide flight information service and alerting
service.
Flight information region. An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information
service and alerting service are provided.
Flight information service (FIS). A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information
useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
Flight level. A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific
pressure datum, 1 013.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is separated from other such
surfaces by specific pressure intervals.
Flight manual. A manual, associated with the certificate of airworthiness, containing
limitations within which the aircraft is to be considered airworthy, and
instructions and information necessary to the flight crew members for the safe
operation of the aircraft.
Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative
to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.
Flight recorder. Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of
complementing accident/incident investigation.
Flight safety documents system. A set of inter-related
documentation established by the operator, compiling and organizing information
necessary for flight and ground operations, and comprising, as a minimum, the
operations manual and the operator’s maintenance control manual.
Flight
simulator.
See Synthetic flight trainer.
Flight simulator means a device that:
(a) Is a full-size aircraft cockpit replica of a
specific type of aircraft, or make, model, and series of aircraft;
(b) Includes the hardware and software necessary
to represent the aircraft in ground operations and flight operations;
(c) Uses a force cueing system that provides cues
at least equivalent to those cues provided by a 3 degrees freedom of motion
system;
(d) Uses a visual system that provides at least a
45 degree horizontal field of view and a 30 degree vertical field of view
simultaneously for each pilot; and
(e) Has been evaluated, qualified, and approved
by the ECAA.
Flight time - aeroplanes. The total time from the moment an aeroplane first moves for the purpose
of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the
flight.
Flight time - helicopters. The total time from the moment a helicopter’s rotor blades start turning
until the moment the helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight,
and the rotor blades are stopped.
Flight time means the time from the moment the
aircraft first moves for the purpose of flight until the moment it comes to
rest at the next point of landing commonly called "block-to-block"
time.
Flight training means that training, other than
ground training, received from an authorized instructor in flight in an
aircraft.
Flight training device means a device
that:
(a)
Is a full-size
replica of the instruments, equipment, panels, and controls of an aircraft, or
set of aircraft, in an open flight deck area or in an enclosed cockpit,
including the hardware and software for the systems installed, that is
necessary to simulate the aircraft in ground and flight operations;
(b)
Need not have a
force (motion) cueing or visual system; and
(c)
Has be en
evaluated, qualified, and approved by the ECAA.
Flying over water when flying over water and at a
distance of more than 93 km (50 NM) away from the shore .
Forecast. A statement of
expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period, and for a
specified area or portion of airspace.
Frequency channel. A continuous portion of the frequency spectrum appropriate for a
transmission utilizing a specified class of emission.
General
aviation operation. An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport
operation or an aerial work operation.
Geodesic
distance. The shortest distance between any two points on a
mathematically defined ellipsoidal surface.
Geodetic datum. A minimum set
of parameters required to define location and orientation of the local
reference system with respect to the global reference system/frame.
Geoid undulation. The distance of the geoid above (positive) or below (negative) the
mathematical reference ellipsoid.
Geoid. The
equipotential surface in the gravity field of the Earth which coincides with
the undisturbed mean sea level (MSL) extended continuously through the
continents.
Glider flight time. The total time occupied in flight,
whether being towed or not, from the moment the glider first moves for the
purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the
flight.
Glider. A
non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly
from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given
conditions of flight.
Gregorian calendar. Calendar in general use; first
introduced in 1582 to define a year that more closely approximates the tropical
year than the Julian calendar (ISO 19108*).
Ground handling.
Services necessary for an aircraft’s arrival at, and departure from, an
airport, other than air traffic services.
Ground training means that training, other than flight
training, received from an authorized instructor.
Height. The vertical
distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from
a specified datum.
Helicopter stand. An aircraft stand which provides for parking a helicopter and, where air
taxiing operations are contemplated, the helicopter touchdown and lift-off.
Helicopter. A heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions
of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes.
Helideck. A heliport
located on a floating or fixed off-shore structure.
Heliport means an area of land, water, or structure used or intended
to be used for landing and takeoff of helicopters.
Heliport. An aerodrome
or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the
arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters.
Human Factors principles. Principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training,
operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and
other system components by proper consideration to human performance.
Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety
and efficiency of aeronautical operations.
IFR (Instrument flight rules) operation means flight
in reference to the rules which apply when weather conditions are less than the
established visibility and ceiling minimum required for flight when visual
reference to the earth is possible.
IFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the instrument flight rules.
IMC. The symbol used to designate instrument meteorological conditions.
Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated
with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of
operation.
Information service (D-ATIS). The provision of ATIS via data link.
Instrument approach procedure means a series
of predetermined maneuvers for the safe and orderly transition of an aircraft
under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach
to a landing, or to a point from which a landing may be made visually. It is prescribed and approved for a specific
airport by the authority having jurisdiction of the airport.
Instrument approach procedure. A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments
with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or
where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from
which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed,
to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.
Instrument landing system ( ILS) means a
precision instrument approach system which normally consists of the following
electronic components and visual aids:
(a) Localizer;
(b) Glide slope;
(c) Outer marker;
(d) Middle marker; and
(e) Approach lights.
Incident means any occurrence, other than an accident, and any other
occurrence or event that in the opinion of the ECAA, the aircraft operator, or
the pilot endangered or may endanger the safe operation of an aircraft. These
incidents are reportable. Such reports are in addition to other deficiency and
discrepancy reports otherwise specially required by these regulations.
Inoperative means a condition in which equipment
is malfunctioning to the event that it does not accomplish its intended purpose
or is not consistently functioning within its design operating limits or tolerances.
Inspector means an employee of the Civil
Aviation Authority authorized by the ECAA to perform assigned inspection
functions.
Instrument flight time. Time during which a
pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to instruments and without
external reference points.
Instrument ground time. Time during which a pilot is practising,
on the ground, simulated instrument flight in a synthetic flight trainer
approved by the Licensing Authority.
Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) means meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility distance from cloud, and ceiling,
less than the minimal specified for visual meteorological conditions.
Instrument time. Instrument flight time or instrument
ground time.
Instrument training means that time in which instrument
training is received from an authorized instructor under actual or simulated
instrument conditions.
Integrity (aeronautical data). A degree of assurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not
been lost nor altered since the data origination or authorized amendment.
International NOTAM office (NOF). An office designated by a State for the exchange of NOTAM
internationally.
Knowledge test means a test on the aeronautical
knowledge areas required for an airman license or rating that
can be administered in written form or by a computer.
Landing area. That part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of
aircraft.
Landing direction indicator. A device to indicate visually the direction currently designated for landing
and for take-off.
Large aircraft means aircraft of more than 12,500
pounds (5,700 kg) maximum certificated gross weight.
Level. A generic term
relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and meaning
variously, height, altitude or flight level.
Large aeroplane. An aeroplane of a maximum certificated
take-off mass of over 5 700 kg.
Lighter-than-air aircraft means aircraft that can rise
and remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than the air that is
displaced by the gas.
Licensing
Authority.
The Authority designated by a
Maintenance organization’s procedures
manual. A document endorsed by the head of the maintenance
organization which details the maintenance organization’s structure and
management responsibilities, scope of work, description of facilities,
maintenance procedures and quality assurance or inspection systems.
Maintenance programme. A document which describes the specific scheduled maintenance tasks and
their frequency of completion and related procedures, such as a reliability
programme, necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to which it
applies.
Maintenance release. A document which contains a certification confirming that the maintenance
work to which it relates has been completed in a satisfactory manner, either in
accordance with the approved data and the procedures described in the
maintenance organization’s procedures manual or under an equivalent system.
Maintenance. The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness
of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection,
replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or
repair.
Manoeuvring area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and
taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.
Marking. A symbol or
group of symbols displayed on the surface of the movement area in order to
convey aeronautical information.
Master minimum equipment list (MMEL). A list established for a particular aircraft type by the organization
responsible for the type design with the approval of the State of Design
containing items, one or more of which is permitted to be unserviceable at the
commencement of a flight. The MMEL may be associated with special operating
conditions, limitations or procedures.
Maximum mass. Maximum certificated take-off mass.
Medical Assessment. The evidence issued by a
Medical certificate means a document showing acceptable
evidence of physical fitness as prescribed for airmen by the Chairman of the
Civil Aviation Authority.
Meteorological information. Meteorological report, analysis, forecast, and any other statement
relating to existing or expected meteorological conditions.
Meteorological office. An office designated to provide meteorological service for international
air navigation.
Minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum
descent height (MDH). A specified altitude or height in a
non-precision approach or circling approach below which descent must not be
made without the required visual reference.
Minimum descent altitude means the lowest altitude to
which descent is authorized on final approach or during circle-to-land
maneuvering in execution of a standard instrument approach procedure where no
electronic glide slope is provided.
Minimum equipment list (MEL). A list which provides for the operation of aircraft, subject to specified
conditions, with particular equipment inoperative, prepared by an operator in
conformity with, or more restrictive than, the MMEL established for the
aircraft type.
Minimum sector altitude. The lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum
clearance of 300 m (1 000 ft) above all objects located in the area contained
within a sector of a circle of 46 km (25 NM) radius centred on a radio aid to
navigation.
Minor alteration means an alteration other than a major
alteration.
Minor repair means a repair other than a major
repair.
Mode S subnetwork. A means of performing an interchange of
digital data through the use of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) Mode S
interrogators and transponders in accordance with defined protocols.
Movement area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and
taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s).
Navigable airspace means airspace at and above the
minimum flight altitude as prescribed by the authority thereof including
airspace needs for safe takeoff and landing.
Navigation of aircraft means the piloting of aircraft.
Night (for all operations in
Non precision approach procedure means a
standard instrument approach procedure for which no electronic glide slope is
provided.
NOTAM. A notice
distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the
establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service,
procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel
concerned with flight operations.
Obstacle clearance altitude (OCA) or
obstacle clearance height (OCH). The lowest altitude
or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or
the aerodrome elevation as applicable, used in establishing compliance with
appropriate obstacle clearance criteria.
Obstacle free zone (OFZ). The airspace above the inner approach surface, inner
transitional surfaces, and balked landing surface and that portion of the strip
bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other
than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required for air navigation purposes.
Obstacle. All fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and mobile
objects, or parts thereof, that are located on an area intended for the surface
movement of aircraft or that extend above a defined surface intended to protect
aircraft in flight.
Offset frequency simplex. A variation of
single channel simplex wherein telecommunication between two stations is
effected by using in each direction frequencies that are intentionally slightly
different but contained within a portion of the spectrum allotted for the
operation.
Operate aircraft or operation of aircraft
means the use of aircraft for the purpose of air navigation. Any person who
causes or authorizes the operation of aircraft, whether with or without the
right of legal control (in the capacity of owner, lessee, or otherwise) of the
aircraft, shall be deemed to be engaged in the operation of aircraft.
Operational control
communications. Communications required for
the exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination
of a flight in the interest of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity
and efficiency of a flight.
Operational control.
(which respect to a flight) The exercise of authority over the initiation,
continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the
safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight.
Operational flight plan. The operator’s plan for the safe conduct of the flight
based on considerations of aeroplane performance, other operating limitations
and relevant expected conditions on the route to be followed and at the
aerodromes concerned.
Operations manual. A manual containing procedures, instructions and guidance
for use by operational personnel in the execution of their duties.
Operator. A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering
to engage in an aircraft operation.
Operator’s maintenance control
manual. A document which describes the operator’s
procedures necessary to ensure that all scheduled and unscheduled maintenance
is performed on the operator’s aircraft on time and in a controlled and
satisfactory manner.
Orthometric height. Height of a point related to the geoid, generally presented
as an MSL elevation.
Parachute means a device used or
intended to be used to retard the fall of a body or object through the air.
Person means any individual,
firm, partnership, corporation, company, association, joint-stock association
or political body and includes trustee, receiver, assignee or other
representative thereof.
Pilot-in-command. The pilot designated by the operator, or in the case of
general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe
conduct of a flight.
Pilot
(to). To manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight
time.
Pilotage means air navigation by
visual reference to landmarks.
Pilot in command
means the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of an aircraft during
flight time.
Pilot time means that time in
which a person:
(a) Serves as a required
cockpit crewmember;
(b) Receives training from
an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training
device; or
(c) Gives training as an
authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training
device.
Pitch setting means the propeller
blade setting as determined by the blade angle measured in a manner, and at a
radius, specified by the instruction manual for the propeller.
Position (geographical). Set of coordinates (latitude and longitude) referenced to
the mathematical reference ellipsoid which define the position of a point on
the surface of the Earth.
Practical test means a test on the
areas of operations for an airman license,
rating, or authorization that is conducted by having the applicant respond to
questions and demonstrate maneuvers in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a
flight training device.
Precision approach procedure
means a standard instrument approach procedure for which an electronic glide
slope is provided.
Pressure-altitude. An atmospheric pressure expressed in terms of altitude
which corresponds to that pressure in the Standard Atmosphere.
Problematic use of substances.
The use of one or more psychoactive substances by aviation
personnel in a way that:
(a) Constitutes a
direct hazard to the user or endangers the lives, health or welfare of others;
and/or
(b) Causes
or worsens an occupational, social, mental or physical problem or disorder.
Prohibited area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or
territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is
prohibited.
Propeller means a device for
propelling an aircraft that has an engine-driven shaft and that, when rotated,
produces by its action on the air, a thrust approximately perpendicular to its
plane of rotation. It includes control
components normally supplied by its manufacturer, but does not include main and
auxiliary rotors or rotating airfoils of engines.
Psychoactive substances. Alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics,
cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas
coffee and tobacco are excluded.
Psychoactive substances. Alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics,
cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas
coffee and tobacco are excluded.
Radiotelephony. A form of radiocommunication primarily intended for the
exchange of information in the form of speech.
Rated
air traffic controller. An air traffic controller holding a licence
and valid ratings appropriate to the privileges to be exercised.
Rating means a statement that, as
part of a certificate, sets forth-special conditions, privileges, or
limitation.
Rating.
An authorization entered on or associated with a licence and forming part
thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to
such licence.
Relief. The inequalities in elevation of the surface of the Earth
represented on the aeronautical charts by contours, hypsometric tints, shading
or spot elevations.
Rendering
(a licence) valid. The action taken by a Contracting State, as an
alternative to issuing its own licence, in accepting a licence issued by any
other Contracting State as the equivalent of its own licence.
Repair. The restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy
condition to ensure that the aircraft continues to comply with the design
aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements used for the issuance of
the type certificate for the respective aircraft type, after it has been
damaged or subjected to wear.
Reporting point. A specified geographical location in relation to which the
position of an aircraft can be reported.
Required navigation performance
(RNP). A statement of the navigation performance
necessary for operation within a defined airspace.
Rescue coordination centre
(RCC). A unit responsible for promoting efficient
organization of search and rescue services and for coordinating the conduct of
search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region.
Required communication performance (RCP). A
statement of the performance requirements for operational communication
in support of specific ATM functions.
Required communication
performance type (RCP type). A label (e.g. RCP 240) that represents the values assigned to
RCP parameters for communication transaction time, continuity, availability and
integrity.
Resolution. A number of units or digits to which a measured or
calculated value is expressed and used.
Rest period. Any period of time on the ground during which a flight crew
member is relieved of all duties by the operator.
Restricted area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or
territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is
restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions.
RNP type. A containment value expressed as a distance in nautical
miles from the intended position within which flights would be for at least 95
percent of the total flying time. Example.-
RNP 4 represents a navigation accuracy of plus or minus 7.4 km (4 NM) on
a 95 per cent containment basis.
Rotorcraft means a
heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on
the lift generated by one or more rotors.
Runway strip. A defined area including the runway and stopway, if
provided, intended (a) To
reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway; and
(b) To protect
aircraft flying over it during take-off or landing operations.
Runway visual range (RVR). The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre
line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating
the runway or identifying its centre line.
Runway. A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for
the landing and take-off of aircraft.
Runway-holding position. A designated position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle
limitation surface, or an ILS/MLS critical/sensitive area at which taxiing
aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorized by the
aerodrome control tower.
Safety and Quality Assurance
Management System (SQAMS) is an
explicit element of the corporate management responsibility that sets out a
certificate holder's safety and quality assurance policies and defines how it
intends to manage them as an integral part of its overall business.
Search and rescue aircraft. An aircraft provided with specialized equipment suitable
for the efficient conduct of search and rescue missions.
Secondary surveillance radar
(SSR). A surveillance radar system which uses
transmitters/receivers (interrogators) and transponders.
Serious injury. An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and
which:
(a) Requires
hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days from the
date the injury was received; or
(b) Results in a
fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose); or
(c) Involves
lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon damage; or
(d) Involves injury to
any internal organ; or
(e) Involves second or
third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 per cent of the body surface;
or
(f) Involves verified
exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation.
Set of aircraft
means aircraft that share similar performance characteristics, such as similar
airspeed and altitude operating envelopes, similar handling characteristics,
and the same number and type of propulsion systems.
Shoulder. An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so prepared as
to provide a transition between the pavement and the adjacent surface.
Show unless the context
otherwise requires, means to show or prove to the satisfaction of the ECAA.
SIGMET information. Information issued by a meteorological watch office
concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather
phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations.
Signal area. An area on an aerodrome used for the display of
ground signals.
Sign a maintenance release (to). To certify that maintenance work has been completed
satisfactorily in accordance with the applicable Standards of airworthiness, by
issuing the maintenance release referred to in Annex 6.
Significant point. A specified geographical location used in defining an ATS
route or the flight path of an aircraft and for other navigation and ATS
purposes.
Simplex. A method in which telecommunication between two stations
takes place in one direction at a time.
Small aeroplane. An aeroplane of a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5
700 kg or less.
Small aircraft means aircraft of
12,500 pounds (5,700 kg) or less maximum certificated gross weight.
SNOWTAM. A special series NOTAM notifying the presence or removal of
hazardous conditions due to snow, ice, slush or standing water associated with
snow, slush and ice on the movement area, by means of a specific format.
Solo flight time. Flight
time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft.
Special VFR flight. A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate
within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC.
Standard atmosphere means the atmosphere defined in U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 (Geopotential altitude tables).
State aircraft means aircraft used
exclusively in the service of the state, military, and police, in accordance
with special agreement between ECAA and appropriate State, military, or police
authority.
State of
State of
State of
State of the Operator. The State in which the operator’s principal place of
business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator’s
permanent residence.
Station declination. An alignment variation between the zero degree radial of a
VOR and true north, determined at the time the VOR station is calibrated.
Stopway means an area beyond the
takeoff runway, no less wide than the runway and is centered upon the extended
centerline of the runway, able to support the airplane during a rejected
takeoff, without causing structural damage to the airplane, and designed by the
airport authorities for use in decelerating the airplane during a rejected
takeoff.
Stopway. A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of
take-off run available prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be
stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off.
Subnetwork. An actual implementation of a data
network that employs a homogeneous protocol and addressing plan and is under
control of a single authority.
Surveillance radar. Radar equipment used to determine the position of an
aircraft in range and azimuth.
Survival ELT (ELT(S)). An ELT which is removable from an
aircraft, stowed so as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency, and
manually activated
Synthetic flight trainer. Any one of the following three types of apparatus in which
flight conditions are simulated on the ground:
(a) A flight
simulator, which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a
particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical,
electronic, etc. aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of
flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that
type of aircraft are realistically simulated;
(b) A
flight procedures trainer, which provides realistic flight deck environment,
and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of
mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft systems, and the performance
and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class; and
(c) A basic instrument flight trainer, which is
equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck
environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions.
System level requirement. The system level
requirement is a high-level technical requirement that has been derived from
operational requirements, technological constraints and regulatory constraints
(administrative and institutional). The system level requirements are the basis
for the functional requirements and lower-level requirements.
Take-off alternate. An
alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land should this become necessary
shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure.
Threat. Events or errors that occur beyond the influence of an
operational person, increase operational complexity and must be managed to
maintain the margin of safety.
Time in service with respect to maintenance time
records means the time from the moment an aircraft leaves the surface of
the earth until it touches it at the next point of landing.
Training center means an organization governed by the applicable
requirements of Parts 141, 142, and 147 that provides training, testing, and
checking under contract or other arrangement to certificate holders subject to
the requirements of the ECARs.
Training time means training
received:
(a) In flight from an
authorized instructor;
(b) On the ground from an
authorized instructor; or
(c) In a flight simulator
or flight training device from an authorized instructor.
Type as used with respect to the certification,
ratings, privileges and limitations of airmen means a specific
make and basic model of aircraft, including modifications thereto that do not
change its handing or flight characteristics.
Uncertainty phase. A
situation wherein uncertainty exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its
occupants.
VFR (visual flight rules)
means flight in reference to the rules, which apply when weather conditions are
equal to or better than the established visibility, distance from cloud, and
ceiling minimums.
VHF
digital link (VDL). A constituent mobile subnetwork of the aeronautical
telecommunication network (ATN), operating in the aeronautical mobile VHF
frequency band. In addition, the VDL may provide non-ATN functions such as, for
instance, digitized voice.
Visual meteorological conditions (VMC)
means meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minimums.
Voice-automatic terminal
information service (Voice-ATIS). The
provision of ATIS by means of continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts.
ALS means approach light
system.
ASR means
airport surveillance radar.
ATC means
air traffic control.
CAA means
Civil Aviation Authority
CAS means
calibrated airspeed.
DH means
decision height.
DME means
distance measuring equipment.
EAS means
equivalent airspeed
ECAA means
Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority.
FM means fan marker.
GS means glide slope.
HIRL means
high-intensity runway light system.
IAS means indicated
airspeed.
ICAO means International Civil
Aviation Organization.
IFR means instrument flight
rules.
ILS means instrument
landing system.
IM means ILS inner
marker.
INT means intersection.
LDA means localizer-type
directional aid.
LMM means compass locator at
middle marker.
LOC means ILS localizer.
LOM means compass locator at
other marker.
M means mach number.
MAA means maximum authorized
IFR altitude.
MALS means medium-intensity
approach light system.
MALSR means medium-intensity
approach light system with runway
alignment indicator
lights.
MCA means minimum crossing
altitude.
MDA means minimum descent
altitude.
MEA means minimum en route
IFR altitude.
MM means ILS
middle marker.
MOCA means minimum obstruction
clearance altitude.
MRA means minimum reception
altitude.
MSL means mean sea level.
NDB
(ADF) means nondirectional
beacon (automatic direction finder )
NOPT means no procedure turn
required.
PAR
means precision
approach radar.
RAIL means runway alignment
indicator light system.
RBN means radio beacon.
RCIM means runway centerline
marking.
RCLS means runway centerline
line system.
REIL means runway end identification
lights.
RVR means
runway visual range as measured in the touchdown zone area
SALS means short approach light
system.
SQAMS means Safety and Quality Assurance Management System
SSALS means simplified short approach
light system.
SSALSR means
simplified short approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights.
TACAN means ultra-high frequency
tactical air navigation aid.
TAS means true airspeed.
TDZL
means touchdown zone
lights.
TVOR means very high frequency
terminal omnirange station.
Va means
design-maneuvering speed.
Vc means design
cruising speed.
Vd means design diving
speed.
Vdf
/ M df means
demonstrated flight diving speed.
Vf means design flap
speed.
Vfc
/Mfc means
maximum speed for stability characteristics.
Vfe means maximum flap
extended speed.
VFR means visual flight
rules.
Vc means
maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power.
VHF means very high
frequency.
V le means maximum landing
gear extended speed
V lo means maximum landing
gear operation speed.
Vtof means lift-off speed.
V mc means minimum control
speed with the critical engine inoperative.
Vmo
/M mo means
maximum operating limit speed.
Vmu means minimum unstick
speed.
V
ne means
never-exceed speed.
VOR means very high frequency
omnirange station.
Vr means rotation
speed.
Vs
means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is
controllable.
Vso means
the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed obtained in landing configuration.
Vs1 means
the stalling speed or the steady flight speed obtained in specified configuration.
Vx means speed for best
angle of climb.
Vy means
speed for best rate of climb.
V1 means
critical-engine-failure speed.
V2
means takeoff
safety speed.
V2min means minimum takeoff
safety speed.
1.4 Rules of construction.
(a) In all ECAR Parts,
unless the context requires otherwise:
(1) Words importing the
singular include the plural;
(2) Words importing the
plural include the singular; and
(3) Words importing the
masculine gender include the feminine.
(b) In all ECAR Parts, the
word:
(1) "Shall" or “Must” or (íĚČ) are considered mandatory as of the date of
effectiveness of the revised Parts;
(2) In the event of non compliance with a requirement of
the revised Parts that include the operative verb "should”or any other
words, the applicant or certificate holder shall submit a relevant compliance
plan with all those requirements, at the date of effectiveness of the revised
Parts to be reviewed and approved by ECAA prior to certification or renewal of
certification;
(3)
The
words "no person may * * *" or "a person may not * * " mean
that no person is required, authorized, or permitted to do the act prescribed;
and
(4)
"Includes" means
"includes but is not limited to".