SUBPART J
Visual Aids for Denoting Restricted Use Areas
139.331 Visual aids for denoting restricted use areas
(a) Closed
runways and taxiways, or parts thereof:
(1) Application: A closed marking shall be
displayed on a runway or taxiway, or portion thereof, which is permanently
closed to the use of all aircraft.
(2) A closed marking should be displayed on a
temporarily closed runway or taxiway or portion thereof, except that such
marking may be omitted when the closing is of short duration and adequate warning
by air traffic services is provided.
(3) Location: On a runway a closed marking shall
be placed at each end of the runway, or portion thereof, declared closed, and
additional markings shall be so placed that the maximum interval between
markings does not exceed 300 m. On a taxiway a closed marking shall be placed
at least at each end of the taxiway or portion thereof closed.
(4) Characteristics: The closed marking shall be
of the form and pro-portions as detailed in Figure 7-1, Illustration a), when displayed
on a runway, and shall be of the form and proportions as detailed in Figure
7-1, Illustration b), when displayed on a taxiway. The marking shall be white
when displayed on a runway and shall be yellow when displayed on a taxiway.
Note: When
an area is temporarily closed, frangible barriers or markings utilizing
materials other than paint or other suitable means may be used to identify the
closed area.
(5) When a runway or taxiway or portion thereof
is permanently closed, all normal runway and taxiway markings shall be
obliterated.
(6) Lighting on a closed runway or taxiway or
portion thereof shall not be operated, except as required for maintenance
purposes.
(7) In addition to closed markings, when the
runway or taxiway or portion thereof closed is intercepted by a usable runway
or taxiway which is used at night, unserviceability lights shall be placed
across the entrance to the closed area at intervals not exceeding 3 m (see
.331(d)(4)).
(b) Non-load-bearing
surfaces:
(1) Application: Shoulders for taxiways, runway
turn pads, holding bays and aprons and other non load-bearing surfaces which
cannot readily be distinguished from load-bearing surfaces and which, if used
by aircraft, might result in damage to the aircraft shall have the boundary
between such areas and the load-bearing surface marked by a taxi side stripe
marking.
Note:
The marking of runway sides is specified in .321(g).
(2) Location: A taxi side stripe marking should
be placed along the edge of the load-bearing pavement, with the outer edge of
the marking approximately on the edge of the load-bearing pavement.
(3) Characteristics: A taxi side stripe marking
should consist of a pair of solid lines, each 15 cm wide and spaced 15 cm apart
and the same colour as the taxiway centre line marking.
Note:
Guidance on providing additional transvers stripes at an intersection or a
small area on the apron is given in EAC 139-12.
(c) Pre-threshold
area:
(1) Application: When the surface before a
threshold is paved and exceeds 60 m in length and is not suitable for normal
use by aircraft, the entire length before the threshold should be marked with a
chevron marking.
(2) Location: A chevron marking should point in
the direction of the runway and be placed as shown in Figure 7-2
(3) Characteristics: A chevron marking should be
of conspicuous colour and contrast with the colour used for the runway
markings; it should preferably be yellow. It should have an overall width of at
least 0.9 m.
Figure 7-l: Closed runway and taxiway markings
Figure 7-2: Pre-threshold marking
(d) Unserviceable
areas:
(1) Application:
Unserviceability markers shall be displayed wherever any portion of a taxiway,
apron or holding bay is unfit for the movement of aircraft but it is still
possible for aircraft to bypass the area safely. On a movement area used at
night, unserviceability lights shall be used.
Note: nserviceability markers and lights are used
for such purposes as warning pilots of a hole in a taxiway or apron pavement or
outlining a portion of pavement, such as on an apron, that is under repair.
They are not suitable for use when a portion of a runway becomes unserviceable,
nor on a taxiway when a major portion of the width becomes unserviceable. In
such instances, the runway or taxiway is normally closed.
(2) Location:
Unserviceability markers and lights shall be placed at intervals sufficiently
close so as to delineate the unserviceable area.
Note: Guidance on the location of unserviceability
lights is given in EAC 139-53
(3) Characteristics
of unserviceability markers: Unserviceability markers shall consist of
conspicuous upstanding devices such as flags, cones or marker boards.
(4) Characteristics
of unserviceability lights: An unserviceability light shall consist of a red
fixed light. The light shall have an intensity sufficient to ensure conspicuity
considering the intensity of the adjacent lights and the general level of
illumination against which it would normally be viewed. In no case shall the
intensity be less than 10 cd of red light.
(5) Characteristics
of unserviceability cones: An unserviceability cone should be at least 0.5 m in
height and red, orange or yellow or any one of these colours in combination
with white.
(6) Characteristics
of unserviceability flags: An unserviceability flag should be at least 0.5 m
square and red, orange or yellow or any one of these colours in combination
with white.
(7) Characteristics
of unserviceability marker boards: An unserviceability marker board should be
at least