PART
145
Approval
of Maintenance Organizations or Repair Stations
This Part prescribes the requirements for
issuing approvals to national organizations for the maintenance of aircraft and
aircraft components and prescribes the general operating rules for approved
maintenance organizations. The approval, when granted, will apply to the whole
organization headed by the accountable manager. Foreign organizations may only
be granted approval if the authority is satisfied that there is a need for such
approval to maintain aircraft/aircraft components and when in compliance with
this Part.
145.1 Definitions and abbreviations
"AMO” means approved maintenance
organization.
"Accountable manager” means the manager
who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the
aircraft operator can be financed and carried out to the standard required by
the ECAA. The accountable manager, to cover the period of his absence, may
delegate in writing another person in the organization acceptable to the ECAA.
Such person then becomes the accountable manager for the purpose of this Part.
"Maintenance” means any one or
combination of overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification or
defect rectification of an aircraft/aircraft component.
"Certifying
staff,” means those personnel who are authorized by the AMO in accordance with
a procedure acceptable to the ECAA to certify aircraft or aircraft components
for release to service.
“Authorization
board” means a board of inspectors in an AMO delegated from the ECAA to
issue internal authorizations for qualified certifying staff.
(a)
No aircraft when used for commercial air transport may fly unless a maintenance
release to service has been issued by an organization for maintenance carried
out on the aircraft or an aircraft component intended for fitment to such an
aircraft.
(b)
No organization may certify for release to service an aircraft used for
commercial air transport unless approved or accepted in accordance with this
Part. No organization may maintain such an aircraft unless either approved in
accordance with this Part or working under the quality system of an
appropriately AMO.
(c) No organization may certify for release to
service an aircraft component intended for fitment to an aircraft used for
commercial air transport unless approved or accepted in accordance with this
Part. No organization may maintain such an aircraft component unless either
approved in accordance with this Part or working under the quality system of an
appropriately AMO.
(d) A maintenance organization approval may be
granted for maintenance activity varying from that for an aircraft component to
that for a complete aircraft or any combination thereof.
(a) This Part is applicable to the following:
(1) Organizations that carry out base maintenance
and certify release to service or maintenance release of aircraft above 5700 kg
maximum certificated take off weight;
(2) Organizations that carry out line maintenance
and certify release to service or maintenance release of aircraft above 5700 kg
maximum certificated take off weight;
(3) Organizations that carry out maintenance and
certify release to service of engines;
(4) Organizations that carry out maintenance and
certify release to service of aircraft components (other than complete
engines), auxiliary power units and specialized services; and
(5) Organizations that carry out maintenance and certify release to service
or maintenance release of aircraft of maximum certificated take off weight of
5700 kg or less and/or helicopters of any weight.
(b)
[Reserved}
(a) An application for maintenance
organization approval or for the amendment of an existing maintenance
organization approval shall be made on a form and in a manner acceptable to the
ECAA, and completed by the accountable manager or his/her nominee if any, and
submitted with three copies of the maintenance organization’s exposition or
amendment thereto, and duplicate copies of:
(1) Its
inspection procedures manual;
(2) A
list of the maintenance functions to be performed for it, under contract, by
another agency under appendix A; and
(3) In
the case of an applicant for a propeller rating (class 2) or any accessory
rating (class 1, 2, or 3), a list, by type or make, as applicable, of the
propeller or accessory for which he seeks approval.
(b)
An applicant who meets
the requirements of this Part and has paid all the prescribed charges is
entitled to a maintenance organization approval. The approval document shall
contain at least the organization’s name, location; date of issue period of
validity; and terms of approval.
(c) A domestic AMO certificate and or rating expires at the end of 12 months
from the date of issue, unless it is sooner surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
However if the AMO continues to comply with the requirements of this Part, and
applies for renewal before expiration of such certificate and/or rating, its
certificate may be renewed for another 12 months.
(d) A foreign AMO certificate and/or rating expires at the end of 12 months
from the date of issue (unless it is sooner surrendered, suspended, or
revoked). On condition that the corresponding certificate and ratings issued by
the foreign civil aviation authority, if any remain valid throughout the period
of validity of the Egyptian certificate and ratings, otherwise it will be
considered automatically suspended.
(e) The holder of a certificate that expired or is surrendered, suspended,
or revoked, shall return it to the ECAA.
The
issue of an approval certificate to the organization indicates the grant of
approval by the ECAA. The approval certificate will specify the extent of
approval. The approved maintenance organization's exposition must specify the
scope of work deemed to constitute the approval.
(a) Facilities must be provided appropriate for
all planned work, ensuring a particular, protection from the weather elements.
Specialized workshops and bays must be segregated as appropriate, to ensure
that environmental and work area contamination is unlikely to occur:
(1) For base maintenance of aircraft, this means that aircraft hangars shall
be both available and large enough to accommodate aircraft on planned base
maintenance. Where the hangar is not owned by the organization, it may be
necessary to establish proof of tenancy. In addition, sufficiency of hangar
space to carry out planned base maintenance will need to be demonstrated by the
preparation of a projected aircraft hangar visit plan relative to the
maintenance. For aircraft component maintenance, this means that aircraft
component workshops shall be large enough to accommodate the components on
planned maintenance;
(2) Protection from the weather elements relates to the normal prevailing
local weather elements that are expected throughout any twelve-month period.
Aircraft hangar and aircraft component workshop structures shall be to a
standard that prevents the ingress of rain, hail, ice, snow, wind and dust etc.
Aircraft hangar and aircraft component workshop floors shall be sealed to
minimize dust generation; and
(3) For line maintenance of aircraft, hangars are not essential but it is recommended
that access to hangar accommodation be demonstrated for usage during inclement
weather for minor scheduled work and lengthy defect rectification.
(b) Office accommodation must be provided
appropriate for the management of the sub-paragraph (a) planned work including
in particular, the management of quality, planning and technical records.
(1) Office accommodation in this case means office accommodation such that
the incumbents, whether they be management, planning, technical records,
quality or certifying staff, can carry out their designated tasks in a manner
that contributes to good aircraft maintenance standards. In addition, aircraft
maintenance staff shall be provided with an area where they may study
maintenance instructions and complete maintenance records in a proper manner;
and
(2) It is acceptable to combine any or all of the above requirements into
one office subject to the staff having sufficient room to carry out assigned
tasks.
(c) The working environment must be appropriate
for the task carried out and in particular special requirements observed.
Unless otherwise dictated by the particular task environment, the working
environment of personnel shall not be impaired:
(1) Hangars used to house aircraft together with office accommodation shall
be such as to ensure the working environment permits personnel to carry out
tasks in an effective manner;
(2) Temperatures shall be maintained such that personnel can carry out
required tasks without undue discomfort;
(3) Dust and any other airborne contamination shall be kept to a minimum and
not be permitted to reach a level in the work task area where visible
aircraft/component surface contamination is evident;
(4) Lighting shall be such as to ensure each inspection and maintenance task
can be carried out;
(5) Noise levels shall not be permitted to rise to the point of distracting
personnel from carrying out inspection tasks. Where it is impractical to
control the noise source, such personnel shall be provided with the necessary
personal equipment to stop excessive noise causing distraction during
inspection tasks;
(6) Where a particular maintenance task requires the application of specific
environmental conditions different to the foregoing, then such conditions shall
be observed. Specific conditions are identified in the approved maintenance
instructions;
(7) The working environment for line maintenance shall be such that the
particular maintenance or inspection task can be carried out without undue
distraction. It therefore follows that where the working environment
deteriorates to an unacceptable level in respect of temperature, moisture,
hail, ice, snow, wind, light, dust/other airborne contamination, the particular
maintenance or inspection tasks shall be suspended until satisfactory
conditions are re-established; and
(8) For both base and line maintenance where dust/other airborne
contamination results in visible surface contamination, all susceptible systems
shall be sealed until acceptable conditions are re-established.
(d) Storage facilities must be provided for parts,
equipment, tools and material. Storage conditions must be such as to provide
security for serviceable parts, segregation of serviceable from unserviceable
parts, and prevent deterioration of and damage to stored items:
(1) This means that secure storage facilities are required for serviceable
aircraft components, whereas unserviceable aircraft components, material,
tooling and equipment simply need be separately stored. It is however
recommended that separate and secure storage facilities be provided for
unserviceable components, material, equipment and tooling;
(2) Storage facilities for serviceable aircraft components shall be clean,
well ventilated and maintained at a suitable dry temperature Manufacturers and
standards recommendations shall be followed for specific aircraft components;
(3) Storage racks shall be strong enough to hold aircraft components and
provide sufficient support for large aircraft components such that the
component is not distorted during storage;
(4) All aircraft components, wherever practicable, shall remain packaged in
protective material to minimize damage and corrosion during storage; and
(5) All aircraft components must be conditioned tagged.
(e) The applicant for an AMO with ratings other
than specified in 145.49 must comply with the following items:
(1)
The applicant shall provide suitable:
(i) Housing for his necessary equipment and
material;
(ii) Space for the work for which he seeks a
rating;
(iii) Facilities for properly storing, segregating
and protecting materials, parts and supplies; and
(iv)
Facilities for properly protecting parts and subassemblies during disassembly,
cleaning, inspection, repair, alteration, and assembly; so that work being done
is protected from weather elements, dust, and heat; workers are protected so
that the work will not be impaired by their physical efficiency; and
maintenance operations have efficient and proper facilities.
(2) The applicant must provide suitable shop
space where machine tools and equipment are kept and where the largest amount
of bench work is done. Machines and equipment must be segregated whenever:
(i) Machine or woodwork is done so near an
assembly area that chips or material might inadvertently fall into assembled or
partially assembled work;
(ii) Unpartitioned parts cleaning units are near
other operations;
(iii) Fabric work is done in an area where there are
oils and greases;
(iv) Painting or spraying is done in an area so
arranged that paint or paint dust can fall on assembled or partially assembled
work;
(v) Paint spraying, cleaning, or machining operations
are done so near testing operations that the precision of test equipment might
be affected; and
(vi)
In any other case the ECAA determines it is necessary.
(3) The applicant must provide suitable assembly
space in an enclosed structure where the largest amount of assembly work is
done. The assembly space must be large enough for the largest item to be worked
on under the rating he seeks and must meet the requirements of Part
121certificate holder;
(4) The applicant must store and protect parts
being assembled or disassembled, or awaiting assembly or disassembly, to
eliminate the possibility of damage to them;
(5) The applicant must provide suitable
ventilation for his shop, assembly, and storage areas so that the physical
efficiency of his workers is not impaired; and
(6) The applicant must control the temperature of
the shop and assembly area so that the quality of the work is not impaired.
Whenever special maintenance operations are being performed, such as fabric
work or painting, the temperature and humidity control must be adequate to
insure the airworthiness of the article being maintained.
(f)
Special housing and facility requirements:
(1) An applicant for an AMO certificate and rating, or for an additional
rating, for airframes, powerplant, propellers, instruments, accessories, or
radio must meet the requirements of items (1) to (5) of this paragraph;
(2) An applicant for an airframe rating must provide suitable permanent
housing for at least one of the heaviest aircraft within the weight class of
the rating he seeks. If the location of the line maintenance station is such
that climatic conditions allow work to be done outside, permanent work docks
may be used, if they meet the requirements of this Part;
(3) An applicant for either a powerplant or accessory rating must provide
suitable trays, racks, or stands for segregating complete engine or accessory
assemblies from each other during assembly or disassembly. He must provide
covers to protect parts awaiting assembly or during assembly to prevent dust or
other foreign objects from entering in or falling on those parts;
(4) An applicant for a propeller rating must provide suitable stands, racks,
or other fixtures for the proper storage of propellers after being worked on;
(5) An applicant for a radio rating must provide suitable storage facilities
to assure the protection of parts and units that might deteriorate from
dampness and moisture; and
(6) An applicant for an instrument rating must provide a reasonably dust
free shop if the shop allocated to final assembly is not air conditioned. Shop
and assembly areas must be kept clean at all times to reduce the possibility of
dust or other foreign objects getting into instrument assemblies.
(a)
A senior person or group of persons acceptable to the authority, whose
responsibilities include ensuring that the AMO is in compliance with the
requirements of this Part, must be nominated. Such person(s) must ultimately be
directly responsible to the accountable manager who must be acceptable to the
authority:
(1) The person or persons nominated shall represent the maintenance
management structure of the organization and be responsible for all the
functions specified in this Part. It therefore follows that, dependent upon the
size of the organization, the functions may be subdivided under individual
managers (and in fact may be further subdivided) or combined in any number of
ways;
(2) In essence, however, the organization shall have, dependent upon the
extent of approval a quality manager, a base maintenance manager, a line
maintenance manager and a workshop manager all of whom shall report to the
accountable manager. The smallest AMO consists at least of one responsible for
maintenance and another responsible for quality control;
(3) The accountable manager is responsible for ensuring that all necessary
resources are available to accomplish maintenance in accordance with this Part
to support the organization’s approval;
(4) The quality manager is responsible for monitoring the organization’s
compliance with this Part and requesting remedial action as necessary by the
base maintenance manager/line maintenance manager/workshop manager or the
accountable manager as appropriate;
(5) The base maintenance manager is responsible for ensuring that all
maintenance required to be carried out in the hangar plus any defect
rectification carried out during base maintenance, is carried out to the design
and quality standards specified in this Part. The base maintenance manager is
also responsible for any corrective action resulting from the quality
compliance monitoring of this Part;
(6) The line maintenance manager is responsible for ensuring that all
maintenance required to be carried out on the line including line defect
rectification is carried out to the standards specified in this Part, and also
responsible for any corrective action resulting from the quality compliance
monitoring of this Part;
(7) The workshop manager is responsible for ensuring that all work on
aircraft components is carried out to the standards specified in this Part, and
also responsible for any corrective action resulting from the quality
compliance monitoring of this Part;
(8) The organization may adopt any title for the foregoing managerial
positions but shall identify to the ECAA the titles and persons chosen to carry
out these functions;
(9) Where an organization chooses to appoint managers for all or any
combination of the identified functions of this Part because of the size of the
undertaking it is necessary that these managers report ultimately to the
accountable manager; and
(10) The ECAA therefore requires the managers specified above to be
identified and their credentials submitted to the ECAA. To be accepted, such
managers shall have relevant knowledge and satisfactory experience related to
aircraft/aircraft component maintenance as appropriate.
Note:
Certifying staff may report to any of the managers specified depending upon
which type of control the AMO uses, so long as the quality compliance staff
specified remain independent of all.
(b)
The AMO must employ sufficient personnel to plan, perform, supervise and
inspect the work in accordance with the approval:
(1) The applicant must provide adequate personnel who can perform, supervise
and inspect the work for which the organization is to be rated. The officials
of the organization must carefully consider the justifications and abilities of
their employees and shall determine the abilities of its uncertificated
employees performing maintenance operations on the basis of practical tests or
employment records. The organization is primarily responsible for the
satisfactory work of its employees;
(2) The number of the organization employees may vary according to the type
and volume of its work. However, the applicant must have enough properly
qualified employees to keep up with the volume of work in process, and may not
reduce the number of its employees below that necessary to efficiently produce
airworthy work; and
(3) A possible way of compliance of the requirements of this section is to
provide a man-hour plan showing that the organization has sufficient man-hours
for the maintenance work load that is intended to be carried out.
(i)
The maintenance man-hour plan should take into
account any maintenance carried out on aircraft / aircraft components from part
time staff and should also take into account all work carried out outside the
scope of the Part-145 approval.
(ii)
Maintenance work load includes all necessary work
such as, but not limited to, planning, maintenance record checks, production of
worksheets/cards in paper or electronic form, accomplishment of maintenance,
inspection and the completion of maintenance records.
(iii)
The quality monitoring compliance function
man-hours should be sufficient to meet the requirement of this Part. Where
quality monitoring staff perform other functions, the time allocated to such
functions needs to be taken into account in determining quality monitoring
staff numbers.
(iv)
The maintenance man-hour plan should be reviewed at
least every 3 months and updated when necessary.
(v) Significant
deviation (more than a 25% shortfall in available man-hours during a calendar
month for any one of the functions) from the maintenance man-hour plan should
be reported through the departmental manager to the quality manager and the
accountable manager for review.
(c) The competence of personnel involved in
maintenance must be established in accordance with a procedure and to a
standard acceptable to the authority.
(1) To assist in the assessment of competence,
job descriptions are recommended for each job role in the organization.
Basically, the assessment shall establish that:
(i)
Planners are able to
interpret maintenance requirements into maintenance tasks, and have an
appreciation that they have no authority to deviate from the aircraft
maintenance program;
(ii) Approved personnel are able to carry out maintenance tasks to any
standard specified in the maintenance instructions and will notify supervisors
of mistakes requiring rectification to re-establish required maintenance
standards;
(iii) Supervisors are able to ensure that all required maintenance tasks are
carried out and where not done or where it is evident that a particular
maintenance task cannot be carried out to the maintenance instructions, then
such problems will be reported to and agreed by the quality control; and
(iv) Certifying staff are able to determine when the aircraft or aircraft
component is ready to release to service and when it shall not be released to
service.
(2)
Particularly, in the case of planners, supervisors and certifying staff, a
knowledge of organization procedures relevant to their particular role in the
organization is essential.
(d)
In addition to paragraph (c), certifying staff must meet the following
qualification requirements:
(1) Training of certifying staff must be
performed in accordance with an approved curriculum and standard for training
as well as pre-qualification standards for the personnel intended for training
as prescribed in Part 147 concerning requirements for approval of civil
aviation training activities;
(2) Approved examinations shall be set at the end
of each training course according to standards mentioned in Part 147;
(3) Members of authorizing board shall be
nominated by the AMO and agreed upon by the ECAA; and
(4) Continuation training shall cover changes in
organization procedures and changes in the standard of aircraft maintained and
regulation training.
(e) Authorizations to sign certificates of release
to service are signed only by members of authorizing board. Such authorizations
state the aircraft type(s) and systems for which the authorization is valid and
the extent of certification authority granted. Authorizations are issued only
to personnel who comply with the following requirements:
(1) Be of age 21 or over;
(2) Have completed approved training course(s)
complying with Part 147; and
(3) Be the holder of a current Egyptian
maintenance license without type rating valid in the appropriate categories in
accordance with Part 65. Noting that:
(i)
The ECAA approves the issue of authorizations to persons holding previous
Egyptian type rated licenses considered equivalent to the category of LWTR as
defined in Part 65.
(ii) Persons holding valid authorization to issue
certificates of compliance issued by the approved organization prior to the
issue of this Part, may continue to exercise the privilege of certification in
respect of the applicable category or categories for the aircraft type(s)
concerned, provided that the authorized person remains in the employ of the
approved organization which granted the authorization prior to the effective
date of this Part. A maintenance engineer moving from the initial authorizing
organization would need to hold the appropriate license qualification before
being granted authorization by his new employer.
(f)
The applicant inspection personnel must be thoroughly familiar with all
inspection methods, techniques, and equipment used in their specialization to
determine the quality or airworthiness of an article being maintained or
altered. In addition, they must:
(1) Maintain proficiency in using various
inspection aids intended for that purpose;
(2) Have available and understand current
specifications involving inspection tolerances, limitations, and procedures
established by the manufacturer of the product being inspected and with other
forms of inspection information such as airworthiness directives and bulletins;
and
(3) In cases where magnetic, fluorescent, or
other forms of mechanical inspection devices are to be used, be skilled in
operating that equipment and be able to properly interpret defects indicated by
it.
145.15 Record of certifying staff
(a)
The AMO must maintain a record of all certifying staff which must include
details of the scope of their authorization:
(1)
The following minimum information shall be kept on record in respect of each
certifying person:
(i) Name;
(ii) Date of birth;
(iii) Basic training;
(iv) Type training;
(v) Refreshing training;
(vi) Experience;
(vii) Qualifications relevant to the approval;
(viii) Scope of the authorization;
(ix) Date of first issue of the authorization;
(x) If appropriate - expire date of the
authorization; and
(xi) Identification number of the authorization.
(2)
The record may be kept in any format but shall be controlled by the
organization’s quality department. This does not mean that the quality
department shall run the record system;
(3) Persons authorized to access the system shall
be maintained at a minimum to ensure that records cannot be altered in an
unauthorized manner or that such confidential records become accessible to
unauthorized persons;
(4) The ECAA may investigate the records system
for initial and continued approval or when there is a cause to doubt the
competence of a particular certifying person; and
(5) The organization shall keep the record for at
least two years after the certifying person has ceased employment with the
organization or withdrawal of the authorization, whichever is the sooner. In
addition, the certifying staff shall be furnished on request with a copy of
their record on leaving the organization.
(b)
Certifying staff must be provided with evidence of the scope of their
authorization:
(1) The authorization document shall be in a
style that makes its scope clear to certifying staff and any authorized person
that may require examining the document. Where codes are used to define scope, an
interpretation document shall be readily available; and
(2) Certifying staff are not required to carry
the authorization document at all times but shall produce it within a
reasonable time of a request from an authorized person. Authorized persons,
apart from the organization’s quality department or maintenance
supervisors/managers, include the ECAA.
(c) In addition to the records mentioned in
items (a) or (b) of this paragraph, the applicant shall maintain a record of:
(1)
His supervisory personnel, including the names of the officials of the
organization that are responsible for his management and the names of his
technical supervisors;
(2) His inspection personnel, including the names
of the quality manager and those inspectors who make final airworthiness
determinations before releasing an article to service; and
(3)
The organization shall change the record if any appreciable change in the
duties and scope of assignment of any personnel changes.
(a) The AMO must be in receipt of all
necessary airworthiness data from the ECAA and/or appropriate authority, the
aircraft/aircraft component design organization and any other approved design
organization, as appropriate to support the work performed.
Note: The ECAA may
classify data from another authority or organization as mandatory and may
require the AMO to hold such data. This primarily requires the aircraft base
maintenance organization to hold copies of any maintenance-related document
issued by the ECAA, the type certificate holder or other appropriate design
organization and any referenced equipment information. Referenced means that
identified by the type certificate holder.
(b) Where the AMO produces its own
airworthiness data additional to that specified in paragraph (a) such
additional airworthiness data must be produced in accordance with a procedure
acceptable to the ECAA. This primarily refers to maintenance data that has been
transcribed from the ECAA and all type certificate holders published format
into the organization’s format, such as customized maintenance cards or
computer base data. To obtain acceptance from the ECAA, the accuracy of
transcription shall be assured.
(c) All airworthiness data must be kept up to date
and made available to all personnel who need access to such data to perform
their duties:
(1) To keep the data up to date a procedure shall
be set up to monitor the amendment status of all data and maintain a check that
all amendments are being received by being a subscriber to any document scheme;
(2) Data being made available to personnel
maintaining aircraft means that the data shall be available in the hangar in
close proximity to the aircraft being maintained; and
(3) Where computer systems are used, the number
of computer terminals shall be sufficient in relation to the size of the work
program to enable easy access, unless the computer system can produce paper
copies. Where microfilm or microfiche readers/printers are used, a similar
requirement is applicable.
145.19
Certification of maintenance
(a)
A certificate of release to service must be issued by appropriately authorized
certifying staff when satisfied that all required maintenance of the aircraft
or aircraft component has been properly carried out by the AMO in accordance
with the procedures specified in the maintenance organization exposition:
(1) A certificate of release to service is
necessary before flight at the completion of any package of maintenance
scheduled by the approved maintenance program on the aircraft, whether such
maintenance took place as base or line maintenance. Only in exceptional cases
may scheduled maintenance be deferred and then only in accordance with
procedures specified in the AMO's exposition;
(2) A certificate of release to service is
necessary before flight, at the completion of any defect rectification, whilst
the aircraft operates flight services between scheduled maintenance;
(3) An aircraft component which has been
maintained off the aircraft requires the issue of a certificate of release to
service for such maintenance and another certificate of release to service in
regard to being installed properly on the aircraft when such action occurs;
(4) The authorized release
certificate/airworthiness approval tag constitutes the aircraft component
certificate of release to service when an aircraft component is maintained by
one approved organization for another approved organization; and
(5) Guidance material for the authorized release
certificate/airworthiness approval tag is given in appendix B to this Part.
(b) A certificate of release to service must
contain basic details of the maintenance carried out, the date such maintenance
was completed and the identity including authorization reference of the AMO and
certifying staff issuing such a certificate:
(1)
The certificate of release to service shall relate to the task specified in the
manufacturer’s or operator's instruction or the aircraft maintenance program
which itself may cross-refer to a manufacturer's/operator's instruction in a
maintenance manual, service bulletin etc;
(2)
Where such instructions include a requirement to ensure a dimension or test
figures within a specific tolerance as opposed to a general tolerance, the
dimension or test figure shall be recorded unless the instruction permits the
use of GO/NO GO gauges. It is not normally sufficient to state that the
dimension or the test figure is within tolerance;
(3) The date such maintenance was carried out
shall include when the maintenance took place relative to any life or overhaul
limitation in terms of date/flying hours/cycles/landings etc. as appropriate;
(4) When extensive maintenance has been carried
out, it is acceptable for the certificate of release to service to summarize
the maintenance so long as there is a unique cross-reference to the work-pack
containing full details of maintenance carried out. Dimensional information
shall be retained in the work-pack record; and
(5)
The person issuing the release to service shall use his full signature and
preferably a certification stamp except in the case where a computer release to
service system is used. In this latter case the ECAA will need to be satisfied
that only the particular person can electronically issue the release to
service. One such method of compliance is the use of a magnetic or optical
personal card in conjunction with a personal identity number known only to the
individual which is keyed into the computer.
(a) The AMO must record all details of work
carried out in a form acceptable to the ECAA:
(1) Properly executed and retained records
provide owners, operators and maintenance personnel with information essential
in controlling unscheduled and scheduled maintenance, and trouble shooting to
eliminate the need for re-inspection and rework to establish airworthiness.
Only records necessary to prove all requirements have been met for issuance of
the release to service including sub-contractor's release documents shall be
retained;
(2) Some gas turbine engines are assembled from
modules and a true total time in service for a total engine is not kept. When
owners and operators wish to take advantage of the modular design, then total
time in service and maintenance records for each module is to be maintained.
The maintenance records as specified are to be kept with the module and shall
show compliance with any mandatory requirements pertaining to that module;
(3) Reconstruction of lost or destroyed records
can be done by reference to other records, which reflect the time in service,
research of records maintained by repair facilities. When these things have
been done and the record is still incomplete, the owner/operator may make a
statement in the new record describing the loss and establishing the time in
service based on the research and the best estimate of time in service. The
reconstructed records shall be submitted to the ECAA for acceptance;
Note:
In such a case additional maintenance may be required.
(4) The maintenance record can be either a paper
or computer system or any combination of both;
(5) Paper systems shall use robust material which
can withstand normal handling and filing. The record shall remain legible
throughout the required retention period; and
(6) Computer systems may be used to control
maintenance and/or record details of maintenance work carried out. Computer
systems used for maintenance shall have at least one backup system which shall
be updated. Each terminal is required to contain program safeguards against the
ability of unauthorized personnel to alter the database.
(b) The AMO must provide a copy of each
certificate of release to service to the aircraft operator, together with a
copy of any specific airworthiness data used for repairs/modifications carried
out. Meanwhile the AMO shall retain the record of all maintenance.
(c) The AMO must retain a copy of all detailed
maintenance records and any associated airworthiness data for the period
specified in Part 43:
(1) The records shall be stored in a safe way
with regard to fire, flood and theft;
(2) Computer backup discs, tapes etc. shall be
stored in a different location from that containing the working discs, tapes
etc; and
(3) Where an approved organization terminates its
operation, all retained maintenance records shall be distributed to the last
owner/customer of the respective aircraft or component. If it is impossible to
trace the owner/customer, the maintenance records shall be stored as required
by the ECAA.
145.23 Equipment,
tools and material
(a) The AMO must have the necessary equipment,
tools and material to perform the approved scope of work listed in appendix A:
(1) Once the applicant for approval has
determined the intended scope of approval for consideration by the ECAA, it
will be necessary to show that all tools and equipment as specified in the
manufacturer's technical documentation can be made available when needed. Where
the manufacturer specifies a particular tool or equipment, then that tool or
equipment shall be used unless the organization has an agreed procedure
specified in the organization’s exposition to manufacture such tool and
equipment;
(2) The availability of equipment and tools means
permanent availability except in the case of any tool or equipment that is so
rarely needed that its permanent availability is not necessary;
(3) An organization approved for base maintenance
shall have sufficient aircraft access equipment and inspection
platforms/docking such that the aircraft may be properly inspected;
(4) The necessary material to perform the scope
of work means readily available raw material and aircraft components in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations unless the organization has
an established spares provisioning procedures; and
(5) The equipment and materials required for the
various ratings must be located on the premises, and under the full control of
the AMO, unless they are used for a function that the AMO is authorized to
obtain from external sources, in such case the AMO shall determine the
airworthiness of the article involved.
(b) Where necessary, tools, equipment and particular
test equipment must be controlled and calibrated to standards acceptable to the
ECAA at a frequency to ensure serviceability and accuracy. Records of such
calibrations and the standard used must be kept by the AMO:
(1) Tools and test equipment, are that tooling
and equipment necessary to measure/calibrate or test aircraft/ aircraft
system/aircraft component to an approved standard;
(2) The control of these tools and equipment
requires that the organization has a procedure to inspect/service and, where
appropriate, calibrate such items on a regular basis and indicate to users that
the item is within any inspection or service or calibration time-limit. A clear
system of labeling all tooling and test equipment is therefore necessary giving
information on when the next inspection or service or calibration is due and if
the item is unserviceable for any reason where it may not be obvious. A
register shall be maintained for all precision tooling and equipment together
with a record of calibrations and standards used; and
(3) Inspection, service or calibration on a
regular basis shall be in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's
instructions except where the organization can show by results that a different
time period is appropriate in a particular case.
(c) An AMO may contract maintenance of components
of a type-certificated product to a non-certificated source identified in the
AMO's exposition manual provided:
(1) The AMO is the manufacturer who originally
manufactured the product for which it holds an Egyptian type certificate;
(2) The contracted component is included as part
of the type certificated product;
(3) The component maintenance is done by the
original component manufacturer or its manufacturing licensee; and
(4) Before such a component is returned to
service, the AMO ensures that it is being returned to service in accordance
with the AMO's quality control system as approved by the ECAA and set forth in
the AMO's exposition manual.
145.27 Reporting of unairworthy conditions
(a)
Each certificated domestic repair station shall report to the ECAA within 72
hours after it discovers any serious defect in, or other recurring unairworthy
condition of, an aircraft, powerplant, or propeller, or any component of any of
them. The report shall, describe the defect or malfunction completely without
withholding any pertinent information.
(b) In any case where the filing of a report
under paragraph (a) of this section might prejudice the repair station, it
shall refer the matter to the ECAA for a determination as to whether it must be
reported. If the defect or malfunction could result in an imminent hazard to
flight, the repair station shall use the most expeditious method it can to
inform the ECAA.
(c) The
holder of a domestic repair station certificate that is also the holder of a
Part 121 certificate, a type certificate (including a supplemental type
certificate), a parts manufacturer approval (PMA), or a TSO authorization, or
that is the licensee of a type certificate, need not report a failure, malfunction,
or defect under this section if the failure, malfunction, or defect has been
reported by it, under Parts 121 or 21 and in accordance with Part 39.
145.29 Organization
maintenance manual (exposition and policy and procedures manual)
(a)
The applicant shall prepare a detailed maintenance manual for the use and
guidance of maintenance organization personnel.
This manual must be acceptable to the ECAA. The AMO shall ensure that
the maintenance manual is revised as necessary to keep the information contained
therein up to date. Copies of all revisions shall be furnished promptly to all
organizations or persons to whom the manual has been issued.
(b) The details in, and number of, volumes
of the maintenance manual will vary depending upon the
type, complexity and number of aircraft involved. The maintenance manual shall
provide clear instructions, procedures and information covering:
(1) Details of the maintenance organization
including an organizational chart;
(2) Personnel
duties, responsibilities and authorities relating to maintenance, inspection
and servicing;
(3) Details of the maintenance system to be
followed, including procedures for performing routine and non-routine
maintenance inspections, alterations, repairs and servicing;
(4) Airworthiness certification and inspection,
standards and procedures for aircraft, parts and components;
(5) Details of quality control program;
(6) Procedures for preparing the maintenance
release, the circumstances under which this release is issued and the personnel
authorized to sign it;
(7) Methods, technique and practices for
accomplishing preventive maintenance and alterations;
(8) Procedures to ensure that required
maintenance or inspections are handled by appropriately trained, qualified and
certificated licensed personnel;
(9) Methods used for designating critical items
requiring inspection;
(10) Procedures to assess the cause and any
potentially hazardous effects of defects or combination of defects and to
analyze occurrences in order to initiate any necessary further investigation
and analysis and mandatory occurrence reporting to the ECAA;
(11) Procedures to prevent the personnel who
performed maintenance work on aircraft from also conducting required
inspections of such work;
(12) Procedures to ensure that work interruptions do
not adversely affect required inspections;
(13) Procedures to ensure that inspections are
completed satisfactorily before aircraft are released to service;
(14)
Procedures for refueling and defiling aircraft;
(15)
Procedures for preventing or eliminating fuel contamination;
(16)
Fire precaution procedures during refueling and defiling;
(17)The
responsibilities, authority and names of personnel who have been duly appointed
by the chief of maintenance to conduct inspections;
(18) Methods for servicing and maintenance
prescribed by, or requiring the prior approval of, the chief of maintenance;
(19) Procedures for incorporating airworthiness,
maintenance or inspection information issued by the organization responsible
for the type design, the State of Design or the State of Registry; and
(20) Procedures for ensuring that the organization responsible for type
design, usually the manufacturer, receives adequate reports of occurrences to
that type and all mandatory continuing airworthiness information originated
by ECAA so that it can issue appropriate
service instructions and recommendations to all operators.
(c) As a minimum,
the following shall be covered in the manual in respect of each type and model
of aircraft used:
(1) Frequency schedules of each check, overhaul
or inspection of airframes, engines, propellers (where applicable), equipment,
instruments and component systems;
(2) Procedures and standards for maintenance,
inspection and servicing;
(3) Approved service life, where applicable, for
various components, parts, accessories, etc.;
(4) List of approved permissible
unserviceability: configuration deviation list (CDL);
(5) Arrangements whereby personnel or
organizations other than the applicant's can be approved to perform maintenance
and/or inspections of aircraft;
(6) Time limits for each required inspection;
(7) Procedures for maintaining the aircraft mass
and center of gravity location within approved limits;
(8) Procedures and standards for acceptance or
rejection of items requiring inspection;
(9) Procedures for preventive maintenance and
servicing;
(10) Time limitations for replacing instruments,
components, appliances;
(11) Procedures to ensure that certain aircraft
systems and navigation equipment are fully serviceable for the appropriate categories
of approach and landing operations; and
(12)
Details of performing various inspections tests and checks.
(d) The following additional
information shall be included:
(1) Supplier evaluation procedure;
(2) Acceptance/inspection of aircraft components
and material from outside contractors;
(3)
Storage, labeling/tagging and release of
aircraft components and material to
aircraft maintenance;
(4)
Acceptance of tools and equipment;
(5)
Calibration of tools and equipment;
(6) Use of tooling and equipment by staff
(including alternate tools);
(7) Cleanliness standards of maintenance
facilities;
(8) Maintenance instructions and relationship to
aircraft/aircraft component manufacturers service information including
updating and availability to staff;
(9) Repair procedures;
(10)
Procedures for compliance with operator’s
aircraft maintenance program;
(11) Airworthiness directives procedures;
(12) Optional modification procedure; and
(13) Maintenance documentation in use and completion
of:
(i) Technical record control; and
(ii) Rectification of defects arising during
base maintenance.
(e) Release
to service procedures shall include:
(1) Issue of the maintenance release required by 145.21;
(2) Certification as airworthy after overhaul, component replacement, inspection,
modification or repair;
(3) Records for the operator;
(4) Reporting of defects and unairworthy conditions as required by 145.27;
(5) Return of defective aircraft components to store;
(6) Control of defective components sent to outside contractors for
maintenance;
(7) Control of computer maintenance record system;
(8) Reference to specific maintenance procedures such as:
(i)
Engine running procedures;
(ii) Aircraft pressurizing leak test procedures;
(iii)
Aircraft towing procedures;
(iv)
Aircraft taxiing procedures.
(f) Sub-contracting
procedures, including:
(1) Contracting procedures;
(2) Acceptance procedures;
(3)
Transfer of records procedures; and
(4)
Quality audit procedures.
(g) Line Maintenance procedures (When
applicable):
(1)
Line maintenance control of aircraft components, tools and equipment;
(2)
Line maintenance procedures related to servicing/ fuelling/de-icing;
(3)
Line maintenance control of defects and repetitive defects;
(4) Line procedure
for pooled parts and loan parts; and
(5)
Line procedure for return of defective parts removed from aircraft.
(h) Quality system procedures
(1)
A continuing analysis and surveillance
program including at least:
(i) Quality audit of organization procedures;
(ii) Quality audit of aircraft; and
(iii) Quality audit remedial action procedure.
(2)
The qualification and training procedures for personnel issuing certifications
in respect of airworthiness after overhaul, etc., and for release to service
("certifying staff');
(3)
Records of certifying staff;
(4)
The qualification and training procedures for quality audit personnel;
(5)
The qualification. and training procedures for mechanics;
(6)
Exemption process control;
(7)
Concession control for deviation from organization's procedures;
(8)
Qualification procedure for specialized activities such as non-destructive
testing (NDT), welding, etc;
(9)
Control of manufacturer's working teams based at the premises of the
organization, engaged in tasks, which interface with activities included in the
approval; and
(10)
Quality audit of sub-contractors (or acceptance of accreditation by third
parties, e.g. use of NDT organizations approved by a state regulatory body
other than the ECAA).
(i)
The procedure manual if issued in separate parts shall contain the following
additional information:
(1) A general description of the scope of work authorized under the
organization's terms of approval, such as the operation specification;
(2) A general description of the organization's
facilities;
(3) Names and duties of the persons in charge of
ensuring that the maintenance organizations in compliance with the requirements
for approved maintenance organization;
(4) The procedures used to establish the
competence of maintenance personnel;
(5) The procedures for complying with the service
information reporting requirements; and
(6) A description of the procedure for receiving,
amending and distributing within the maintenance organization all necessary
airworthiness data from the type certificate holder or type design
organization.
145.31 Maintenance
procedures and quality system
(a) The
AMO must establish procedures acceptable to the authority to ensure good
maintenance practices and compliance with all relevant requirements of this
Part such that aircraft and aircraft components may be released to service:
(1)
The maintenance procedures shall cover all aspects of carrying out the
maintenance activity and in reality lay down the standards to which the
maintenance organization intends to work. The aircraft/aircraft component
design organization standards and aircraft operator standards must be taken
into account;
(2) The maintenance procedures shall maintain, in
current conditions, all manufacturers' service manuals, instructions, and
service bulletins that relate to the articles that it maintains or alters; and
(3) In addition, each certificated repair station
with a radio rating shall use materials that conform to approved specifications
for equipment appropriate to its rating. It shall use test apparatus, shop
equipment, performance standards, test methods, alterations, and calibrations
that conform to the manufacturer's specifications or instructions, approved
specifications, and, if not otherwise specified, to accept good practices of
the aircraft radio industry.
(b) In addition, the AMO must establish an
independent quality system to monitor compliance with and adequacy of the
procedures to ensure good maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft and
aircraft components. Compliance monitoring must include a feedback system to
the nominated person or group of persons specified by the organization, and
ultimately to the accountable manager to ensure, as necessary, corrective
action. Such systems must be acceptable to the ECAA:
(1) The quality system is in fact an independent
system under the control of the quality manager looking at the maintenance
procedures;
(2) The ECAA requires the quality system to
review all maintenance procedures as described in the exposition in accordance
with an approved program. The quality system shall show when audits are due,
when completed and establish a system of audit reports which can be seen by
visiting ECAA staff on request. The audit system shall clearly establish a
means by which audit reports containing observations about noncompliance or
poor standards can be actioned. The means ultimately shall lead to the
accountable manager;
(3) The applicant must provide a satisfactory
method of inspecting incoming material to insure that, before it is placed in
stock for use in an aircraft or part thereof, it is in good state of preservation
and is free from apparent defects or malfunctions;
(4) The applicant must provide a system of
preliminary inspection of all articles he maintains to determine the state of
preservation or defects. He shall enter the results of each inspection on an
appropriate form supplied by it and keep the form with the article until it is
released to service;
(5) The applicant must provide a system so that
before working on any airframe, powerplant, or part thereof that has been
involved in an accident, it will be inspected thoroughly for hidden damaged
parts. He shall enter the results of this inspection on the inspection form
required in paragraph (4) of this section;; and
(6)
Each AMO shall, before approving an airframe, powerplant, propeller,
instrument, radio, or accessory for release to service after maintaining or
altering it, have that article inspected by a qualified inspector. After
performing a maintenance or alteration operation, the AMO shall certify on the
maintenance or alteration record of the article that it is airworthy with
respect to the work performed.
145.33 Certification of foreign repair stations
(a)
General requirements:
A
repair station certificate with appropriate ratings may be issued to a foreign
repair station if the ECAA determines that it will be necessary for maintaining
or altering Egyptian registered aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers,
appliances and components, parts thereof; for use on Egyptian registered
aircraft. A foreign repair station must meet the requirements for a domestic
repair station certificate, except for the following:
(1) Scope of work authorized:
(i)
A certificated foreign
repair station may, with respect to Egyptian registered aircraft, maintain or
alter aircraft's airframes, power plants, propellers, or component parts
thereof. However the ECAA may prescribe operations containing limitations as
necessary to comply with the airworthiness requirements of this Part; and
(ii) A foreign approved maintenance organization may perform only the
specific services and functions within the ratings and classes that are stated
in its operation specifications issued by
its local civil aviation authority, if any.
(2) Personnel:
(i) Each applicant for a foreign repair station
certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must provide enough
personnel who are able to perform, supervise, and inspect the work for which he
seeks a rating, with regard being given for its volume of work;
(ii)
The supervisor and inspectors of each
certificated foreign repair station must understand the regulations of this
Part, airworthiness directives, and maintenance and service instructions of the
manufacturers of the articles to be worked on. However, they do not need an
airman certificate issued under this Part, along with the person performing the
work of the station, and are not
considered to be airmen with respect to work performed in connection
with their employment by the foreign repair station;
(iii) In cases where the persons engaged in
supervision or final inspection are not certificated under this Part or by the
country in which the station is located, their qualifications are evaluated and
determined by the ECAA, based on their ability to meet the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section as proved by oral or practical test; and
(iv) No person may be responsible for the
supervision or final inspection work on an Egyptian registered aircraft in a
foreign approved repair station unless he can read, write, and understand
English.
(3) General operating rule: Each certificated
foreign repair station shall comply with the operating rules of this Part
except for the privileges of certificates.
(b) Records and reports:
(1)
Each certificated foreign repair station shall maintain such records, and make
such reports, with respect to Egyptian registered aircraft as the ECAA finds
necessary;
(2) Each
certificated foreign repair station shall keep a record for the maintenance and
alterations it performs on Egyptian registered aircraft, in enough detail to
show the make, model, identification marks and serial number of the aircraft
involved, along with a description of the work performed thereon. In case of
major repairs report shall be made on the form prescribed by the ECAA, and in
the manner described thereof. Upon request, the station shall make all its
maintenance and alteration records available to the ECAA; and
(3) Each certificated foreign repair station
shall, within 72 hours after it discovers any serious defect or other peculiar
unairworthy condition on any Egyptian registered aircraft, powerplant,
propeller, or any component thereof; report that defect or unairworthy
condition to the ECAA.
(a) Each certificate holder shall establish,
implement, maintain and adhere to a safety management system that is
appropriate to the size, nature and complexity of all activities authorized to
be conducted under the certificate and in accordance with EAC 00-11.
(b) That system shall as a minimum:
(1) Identify safety hazards;
(2) Ensure that remedial action necessary
to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented;
(3) Provide for continuous monitoring and regular
assessment of the safety level achieved; and
(4) Aim to make continuous improvement to
the overall level of safety.
(c) The
results of this system and related audits and corrective actions shall be made
available to the ECAA upon request.
145.37
Privileges of the AMO
The AMO may only carry out the following
tasks as permitted by and in accordance with the AMO exposition:
(a)
Maintain any aircraft or aircraft component for which it is approved at the
locations identified in the approval certificate;
(b) Arrange for maintenance of any aircraft or
aircraft component for which it is approved at another organization that is
under the quality control of the approved maintenance organization. The AMO
exposition must list these organizations. The AMO must have a procedure for
sub-contract review, approval and quality control. Contracts for heavy
maintenance checks, engine overhauls, structural repairs must be accepted by
ECAA;
(c)
Maintain any aircraft for which it is approved at any location subject to the
need for such maintenance arising only from unserviceability of the aircraft;
(d)
Maintain any aircraft for which it is approved at a location identified as a
line maintenance location capable of supporting minor maintenance and only if
the AMO exposition both permits such activity and lists such locations;
(e)
Issue certificates of release to service in respect of paragraph (a) to (d) on
completion of maintenance in accordance with this Part;
(f) Maintain or alter any article for which it is
rated at a place other than a repair station, if:
(1)
The function would be performed in the same manner as when performed at the AMO
and in accordance with this Part;
(2)
All necessary personnel, equipment, material, and technical data is available
at the place where the work is to be done; and
(3)
The exposition manual of the AMO sets forth approved procedures governing work
to be performed at a place other than the AMO.
(g)
However, an AMO may not approve for return to service any aircraft, airframe,
aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance after major repair or major
modification unless the work was done in accordance with technical data
approved by the ECAA, unless already approved by the type certifying authority.
The
AMO may only maintain an aircraft or aircraft component for which it is
approved when all necessary facilities, equipment, tooling, material, approved
technical data and certifying staff are available.
145.41 Changes and/or renewal to the AMO
(a) The AMO must notify the ECAA as soon as is
practicable of any of the following changes, to enable the ECAA to determine
continued compliance with this Part and to amend, if necessary, the approval
certificate:
(1)
The name of the organization;
(2)
The location of the organization;
(3)
Additional locations of the organization;
(4)
The accountable manager;
(5)
Any of the senior persons specified in this Part; and
(6)
The facilities, equipment, tools, material, procedures, work scope and
certifying staff that could affect the approval.
(b)
The ECAA may prescribe the conditions under which the AMO may operate during
such changes unless the ECAA determines that the approval shall be suspended.
(c) A person requesting renewal of an AMO or
repair station certificate shall within
30 days before his current certificate expires, apply to the ECAA for renewal
on a form and in a manner prescribed by the ECAA.
145.43 Continued
validity of approval
Unless the approval has previously been
surrendered, superseded, suspended, revoked or expired by virtue of exceeding
any expire date that may be specified in the approval certificate, the
continued validity of approval is dependent upon:
(a) The
AMO remaining in compliance with this Part.
(b) The
authority being granted access to the AMO to determine continued compliance
with this Part, and;
(c) The
payment of the required charges prescribed by the ECAA.
(a)
Whenever the advertising of a repair station indicates that it is a
certificated repair station, it must clearly state its certificate number.
(b) Paragraph (A) of this section applies to
advertising in:
(1)
Business letter heads;
(2)
Billheads and statements;
(3)
Customer estimates and inspection forms;
(4)
Hangar and shop signs;
(5)
Magazines, Periodicals, or trade journals; and
(6)
Any form of promotional media.
(c)
A certificated repair station may not advertise as such except during the time
that the certificate is valid.
Each
holder of a repair station certificate shall display the certificate and
ratings at a place in the repair station that is normally accessible to the
public and is not obscured. The certificate must be available for inspection by
the ECAA.
The
following ratings are issued under this Part:
(a)
Airframe ratings:
(1) Class 1: Small aircraft of composite
construction;
(2) Class 2: Large aircraft of composite
construction;
(3) Class 3: Small aircraft of all-metal
construction; and
(4) Class 4: Large aircraft of all--metal
construction.
(b)
Powerplant ratings:
(1) Class 1: Reciprocating engines of 400
horsepower or less;
(2) Class 2: Reciprocating engines of more than
400 horsepower; and
(3) Class 3: Turbine engines.
(c)
Propeller ratings:
(1) Class 1: All fixed pitch and ground
adjustable propellers of wood, metal, or composite construction; and
(2) Class 2: All other propellers, by make.
(d)
Radio ratings:
(1) Class 1 Communication equipment: Any radio
transmitting equipment or receiving equipment, or both, used in aircraft to
send or receive communications in flight, regardless of carrier frequency or
type of modulation used; including auxiliary and related aircraft inter phone
systems, amplifiers systems, electrical or electronic inter-crew signaling
devices, and similar equipment; but not including equipment used for navigation
of the aircraft or as an aid to navigation equipment for measuring altitude on
terrain clearance, other measuring equipment operated on radio or radar
principles, or mechanical, electrical, gyroscopic, or electronic instruments
that are a part of communications radio equipment.
(2)
Class 2: Navigational equipment: Any radio system used in aircraft for enroute
or approach navigation, except equipment operated on radar or pulsed radio
frequency principles; but not including equipment for measuring altitude or
terrain clearance or other distance equipment operated on radar or pulsed radio
frequency principles.
(3)
Class 3: Radar equipment: Any aircraft electronic system operated on radar or
pulsed radio frequency principles.
(e)
Instrument ratings:
(1) Class 1: Mechanical: Any
diaphragm, Burden, tube, aneroid, optical, or mechanically driven centrifugal
instrument that is used on aircraft, including tachometers, airspeed
indicators, pressure gauges, drift sights, magnetic compasses, altimeters, or similar
mechanical instruments.
(2)
Class 2: Electrical: Any self-synchronous and electrical indicating instruments
and systems, including remote indicating instruments, cylinder head temperature
gauges, or similar electrical instruments.
(3)
Class 3: Gyroscopic: Any instrument or system using gyroscopic principles and
motivated by air pressure or electrical energy, including automatic pilot
control units, turn and bank indicators, directional gyros, and their parts,
and flux gate and gyrosyn and compasses.
(4)
Class 4: Electronic: Any instruments whose operation depends on electron tubes,
transistors, or similar devices, including capacitance type quantity gauges,
system amplifiers and engine analyzers.
(f) Accessory ratings:
(1)
Class 1: Mechanical accessories that depend on friction, hydraulics, mechanical
linkage, or pneumatic pressure for operation, including aircraft wheel brakes,
mechanically driven pumps, carburetors, aircraft wheel assemblies, shock
absorber struts and hydraulic servo units.
(2)
Class 2: Electrical accessories that depend on electrical energy for their
operation, and generators, including starters, voltage regulators, electric
motors, electrically driven fuel pumps, magnetos or similar electrical
accessories.
(3)
Class 3: Electronic accessories that depend on the use of an electron tube,
transistor, or similar device, including supercharger, temperature, air conditioning
controls, or similar electronic controls.
(g) Specialized services:
(1) Nondestructive testing agencies (the
minimum requirements for establishing nondestructive testing agencies and
quality control requirements for them are mentioned in EAC 145-1).
(2) Welding workshops (the minimum
requirements for establishing welding workshops and quality control for them
are mentioned in EAC 145-2).
(a) Whenever the ECAA finds it appropriate,
he may issue a limited rating to a domestic repair station that maintains or
alters only a particular type of airframe, powerplant, propeller, radio,
instrument, or accessory, or parts thereof, or performs only specialized
maintenance requiring equipment and skills not ordinarily found in regular repair
stations. Such a rating may be limited to a specific model aircraft, engine, or
constituent part, or to any number of parts made by a particular manufacturer.
(b) Limited ratings are issued for:
(1) Airframes of a particular make and model;
(2) Engines of a particular make and model;
(3) Propellers of a particular make and model;
(4) Instruments of a particular make and model;
(5) Radio equipment of a particular make and
model;
(6) Accessories of a particular make and model;
(7) Landing gear components;
(8) Floats, by make;
(9) Nondestructive inspection, testing, and
processing;
(10) Emergency equipment;
(11) Rotor blades,
by make and model;
(12) Aircraft
fabric work; and
(13) Any other
purpose for which the ECAA finds the applicant's request is appropriate.
(c)
For a limited rating for specialized services, the operations specifications of
the station shall contain the specification used in performing that specialized
service. The specification may either be a civil or military one that is
currently used by industry and approved by the ECAA or one developed by the
applicant and approved by the ECAA.
145.53 Maintenance and
preventive maintenance training program
(a) Each
certificate holder or person performing maintenance or preventive maintenance
functions for it shall have a training program to ensure that each person
(including inspection personnel) who determines the adequacy of work done is
fully informed about procedures and techniques and new equipment in use and is
competent to perform his duties.
(b) The
approved maintenance organization shall ensure that all maintenance personnel
receive approved initial and continuation training appropriate to their
assigned tasks and responsibilities. The approved training program established
by the AMO shall include training in knowledge and skills related to human
performance, including co-ordination with other maintenance personnel and
cockpit crew.
Note: Guidance material to
design training programs to develop knowledge and skill in human performance
for maintenance personnel can be found in ECATSH (Human factors training
Standards), EAC 00-10 and EAC 00-11, as amended.
145.55 Maintenance and
preventive maintenance personnel duty time limitations
Within
145.57 Testing for prohibited drugs
Each domestic AMO:
(a) Shall
test each of its employees who performs a function listed in appendix I to Part
121 in accordance with that appendix.
(b) May not use any contractor to perform a
function listed in Appendix I to Part 121 unless that contractor tests each
employee performing such a function for the certificate holder in accordance
with that appendix.
(c)
Shall submit a drug testing program plan
to the ECAA (specifying the procedures for all testing required by appendix I)
not later than
(d) Starting from
For each domestic AMO the following
requirements apply:
(a) General.
This section applies to employees who perform a function listed in appendix J
to Part 121 for a certificate holder (covered employees). For the purpose of this
section, a person who meets the definition of covered employee in appendix J to
Part 121 is considered to be performing the function for the certificate holder.
(b) Alcohol
concentration. No covered employee shall report for duty or remain on duty
requiring the performance of safety-sensitive functions while having an alcohol
concentration of 0.04 or greater. No certificate holder having actual knowledge
that an employee has an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater shall permit
the employee to perform or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions.
(c) On-duty use. No covered employee shall use
alcohol while performing safety-sensitive functions. No certificate holder
having actual knowledge that a covered employee is using alcohol while
performing safety-sensitive functions shall permit the employee to perform or
continue to perform safety-sensitive functions.
(d) Pre-duty
use:
(1) No covered employee shall perform maintenance
duties within 8 hours after using alcohol. No certificate holder having actual
knowledge that such an employee has used alcohol within 8 hours shall permit
the employee to perform or continue to perform the specified duties.
(2) No covered employee shall perform
safety-sensitive duties other than those specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this
section within 4 hours after using alcohol. No certificate holder having actual
knowledge that such an employee has used alcohol within 4 hours shall permit
the employee to perform or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions.
(e) Use
following an accident. No covered employee who has actual knowledge of an
accident involving an aircraft for which he or she performed a safety-sensitive
function at or near the time of the accident shall use alcohol for 8 hours
following the accident, unless he or she has been given a post-accident test
under appendix J of Part 121, or the employer has determined that the
employee's performance could not have contributed to the accident.
(f) Refusal
to submit to a required alcohol test. No covered employee shall refuse to
submit to a post-accident, random, reasonable suspicion, or follow-up alcohol
test required under appendix J to Part 121. No certificate holder shall permit
an employee who refuses to submit to such a test to perform or continue to
perform safety-sensitive functions.
For each domestic AMO the following requirements apply:
(a) Each certificate holder must establish
an alcohol misuse prevention program in accordance with the provisions of
appendix J to Part 121.
(b) No certificate holder shall use any
person who meets the definition of covered employee in appendix J to Part 121 to
perform a safety-sensitive function listed in that appendix unless such person
is subject to testing for alcohol misuse in accordance with the provisions of
appendix J.
(c) Each certificate holder shall submit an
alcohol misuse prevention program plan to the ECAA (specifying the procedures
for all testing required by appendix J) not later than
(d) Starting
from