Subpart F—Airline Transport Pilots

Subpart F

Airline Transport Pilots

61.151 Applicability.

This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of airline transport pilot licenses and ratings, the conditions under which those licenses and ratings are necessary, and the general operating rules for persons who hold those licenses and ratings.

61.153 Eligibility requirements: General.

To be eligible for an airline transport pilot license, a person must:

(a) Be at least 21 years of age and shall hold a current class 1 medical assessment

(b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the ECAA may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot license as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft;

(d) Meet at least one of the following requirements:

(1) Hold at least a commercial pilot license and an instrument rating;

(2) Meet the military experience requirements under section 61.73 of this part to qualify for a commercial pilot license, and an instrument rating if the person is a rated military pilot or former rated military pilot of an Armed Force of the Arab Republic of Egypt; or

(3) Hold either a foreign airline transport pilot or foreign commercial pilot license and an instrument rating, without limitations, issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.

(e) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;

(f) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;

(g) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed in section 61.157(e) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and

(h) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

61.155 Aeronautical knowledge.

(a) General. The knowledge test for an airline transport pilot license is based on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph (c) of this section that are appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

(b) Aircraft type rating. A person who is applying for an additional aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot license is not required to pass a knowledge test if that person's airline transport pilot license lists the aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the type rating sought.

(1) Air law. Rules and regulations relevant to the holder of an airline transport pilot licence rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

(2) Aircraft general knowledge;

(i) general characteristics and limitations of electrical, hydraulic, pressurization and other systems; flight control systems, including autopilot and stability augmentation;

(ii) principles of operation, handling procedures and operating limitations of power plants; effects of atmospheric conditions on engine performance; relevant operational information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;

(iii) operating procedures and limitations of appropriate effects of atmospheric conditions on performance;

(iv) use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems.

(v) flight instruments; compasses, turning and acceleration errors; gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and precession effects; practices and procedures in the event of malfunctions of various flight instruments;

(vi) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and power plants.

(3) Flight performance and planning

(i) effects of loading and mass distribution on handling, flight characteristics and performance; mass and balance calculations;

(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data, including procedures for cruise control;

(iii) pre-flight and en-route operational flight planning; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; altimeter setting procedures;

(4) Human performance. Relevant to the airline transport pilot license;

(5) Meteorology

(i) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts; codes and abbreviations; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in-flight; altimetry;

(ii) aeronautical meteorology; climatologic of relevant areas in respect of the elements having an effect upon aviation; the movement of pressure systems; the structure of fronts, and the origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and landing conditions;

(iii) causes, recognition and effects of engine and airframe icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous weather avoidance;

(iv) practical high altitude meteorology, including interpretation and use of weather reports, charts and forecasts; jet streams;

(6) Navigation

(i) Air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, radio navigation aids and area navigation systems; specific navigation requirements for long-range flights;

(ii) Use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary for control and navigation .

(iii) Use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in departure, en-route, approach and landing phases of flight; identification of radio navigation aids;

(iv) Principles and characteristics of self-contained and external-referenced navigation systems; operation of airborne equipment;

(7) Operational procedures

(i) interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and instrument procedure charts for departure, en-route, descent and approach;

(ii) precautionary and emergency procedures; safety practices associated with flight under IFR;

(iii) operational procedures for carriage of freight and dangerous goods;

(iv) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be observed when embarking and disembarking .

(8) Principles of flight subsonic aerodynamics; compressibility effects, maneuver boundary limits, wing design characteristics, effects of supplementary lift and drag devices; relationships between lift, drag and thrust at various airspeeds and in different flight configurations;

(9) Radiotelephony procedures and phraseology; action to be taken in case of communication failure.

61.157 Flight proficiency.

(a) General.

(1) The practical test for an airline transport pilot license is given for:

(i) An airplane category and single-engine class rating;

(ii) An airplane category and multiengine class rating;

(iii) A rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating;

(iv) A powered-lift category rating; and

(v) An aircraft type rating for the category and class ratings listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section.

(2) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot practical test must meet:

(i) The eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part; and

(ii) The aeronautical knowledge and aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

(b) Aircraft type rating. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a person who is applying for an aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot license:

(1) Must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation in this section that apply to the aircraft type rating sought;

(2) Must receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the applicant completed the training on the areas of operation listed in paragraph (e) of this section that apply to the aircraft type rating sought; and

(3) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions, unless the aircraft's type certificate makes the aircraft incapable of operating under instrument flight rules. If the practical test cannot be accomplished for this reason, the person may obtain a type rating limited to “VFR only.” The “VFR only” limitation may be removed for that aircraft type when the person passes the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions.

(c) Exceptions. A person who is applying for an aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot license or an aircraft type rating concurrently with an airline transport pilot license, and who is an employee of a certificate holder operating under part 121 of the ECARs, need not comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section if the applicant presents a training record that shows satisfactory completion of that certificate holder's or program manager's approved pilot-in-command training program for the aircraft type rating sought.

(d) Upgrading type ratings. Any type rating(s) on the pilot license of an applicant who successfully completes an airline transport pilot practical test shall be included on the airline transport pilot license with the privileges and limitations of the airline transport pilot license, provided the applicant passes the practical test in the same category and class of aircraft for which the applicant holds the type rating(s). However, if a type rating for that category and class of aircraft on the superseded pilot license is limited to VFR, that limitation shall be carried forward to the person's airline transport pilot license level.

(e) Areas of operation.

(1) For an airplane category—single-engine class rating:

(i) Preflight preparation;

(ii) Preflight procedures including the preparation of the operational flight plan and filing of the air traffic services flight plan;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase including transition to instrument flight on take-off;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers;

(v) Instrument procedures including en-route IFR procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures;

(ix) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew coordination, including allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists; and

(x) Post flight procedures.

(2) For an airplane category—multiengine class rating:

(i) Preflight preparation;

(ii) Preflight procedures including the preparation of the operational flight plan and filing of the air traffic services flight plan;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase including transition to instrument flight on take-off;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers;

(v) Instrument procedures including en-route IFR procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures;

(ix) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew coordination, including allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists; and

(x) Post flight procedures.

(3) For a powered-lift category rating:

(i) Preflight preparation;

(ii) Preflight procedures;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers;

(v) Instrument procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures; and

(ix) Post flight procedures.

(4) For a rotorcraft category—helicopter class rating:

(i) Preflight preparation including the use of the flight manual or equivalent document, and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan s;

(ii) Preflight procedures including pre-flight inspection, use of checklists, taxiing and pretake-off check;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase including transition to instrument flight on take-off;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers including particular flight characteristics;

(v) Instrument procedures including en-route IFR procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures; and if appropriate, operation of a multi-engined helicopter solely by reference to instruments with one engine inoperative or simulated inoperative;

(ix) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew coordination, including allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists; and

(x) Post flight procedures.

(f) Proficiency checks conducted under part 121.

(1) Successful completion of A proficiency check under section 121.441 of the ECARs.

(2) The check specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section must be conducted by an authorized designated pilot examiner or ECAA aviation safety inspector.

(g) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for an airplane rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is used for accomplishing all of the training and the required practical test for an airline transport pilot license with an airplane category, class, and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and flight training device are subject to the following requirements:

(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that airplane type if the rating involves a type rating in an airplane, or is representative of an airplane if the applicant is only seeking an airplane class rating and does not require a type rating.

(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated under part 142 of the ECARs.

(3) All training and testing (except preflight inspection) must be accomplished by the applicant to receive an airplane class rating and type rating, if applicable, without limitations and:

(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and

(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.159 of this part and at least one of the following:

(A) Hold a type rating for a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought, or have been designated by a military service as a pilot in command of an airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought, if a turbojet type rating is sought;

(B) Hold a type rating for a turbo propeller airplane of the same class as the airplane for which the type rating is sought, or have been appointed by a military service as a pilot in command of an airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought, if a turbo propeller airplane type rating is sought;

(C) Have at least 2,000 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be in turbine-powered airplanes of the same class as the airplane for which the type rating is sought;

(D) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane as the airplane for which the type rating is sought; or

(E) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different airplanes requiring a type rating.

(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (g)(5) of this section, an applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (g)(3) of this section may complete all training and testing (except for preflight inspection) for an additional rating if:

(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and

(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.159 of this part and at least one of the following:

(A) Holds a type rating in a propeller-driven airplane if a type rating in a turbojet airplane is sought, or holds a type rating in a turbojet airplane if a type rating in a propeller-driven airplane is sought;

(B) Since the beginning of the 12th calendar month before the month in which the applicant completes the practical test for the additional rating, has logged:

(1) At least 100 hours of flight time in airplanes in the same class as the airplane for which the type rating is sought and which requires a type rating; and

(2) At least 25 hours of flight time in airplanes of the same type for which the type rating is sought.

(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (g)(4)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section will be issued an additional rating, or an airline transport pilot license with an added rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”

(6) An applicant who has been issued a license with the limitation specified in paragraph (g)(5) of this section:

(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation is removed from the license; and

(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by the pilot in command, in an airplane of the same type for which the limitation applies.

(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(ii)(A) through (E) or (g)(4)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section may be issued an airline transport pilot license or an additional rating to that pilot license after successful completion of one of the following requirements:

(i) An approved course at a part 142 training center that includes all training and testing for that license or rating, followed by training and testing on the following tasks, which must be successfully completed on a static airplane or in flight, as appropriate:

(A) Preflight inspection;

(B) Normal takeoff;

(D) Missed approach; and

(E) Normal landing.

(ii) An approved course at a part 142 training center that complies with paragraphs (g)(8) and (g)(9) of this section and includes all training and testing for a license or rating.

(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license with an additional rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”

(9) An applicant issued a pilot license with the limitation specified in paragraph (g)(8) of this section:

(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation is removed from the certificate; and

(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by the pilot in command, in an airplane of the same type for which the limitation applies.

(h) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a helicopter rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is used for accomplishing all of the training and the required practical test for an airline transport pilot license with a helicopter class rating and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and flight training device are subject to the following requirements:

(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that helicopter type if the rating involves a type rating in a helicopter, or is representative of a helicopter if the applicant is only seeking a helicopter class rating and does not require a type rating.

(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated under part 142 of the ECARs.

(3) All training and testing requirements (except preflight inspection) must be accomplished by the applicant to receive a helicopter class rating and type rating, if applicable, without limitations and:

(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as a Level C or Level D; and

(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.161 of this part and at least one of the following:

(A) Hold a type rating for a turbine-powered helicopter, or have been designated by a military service as a pilot in command of a turbine-powered helicopter, if a turbine-powered helicopter type rating is sought;

(B) Have at least 1,200 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be in turbine-powered helicopters;

(C) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type helicopter as the helicopter for which the type rating is sought; or

(D) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different helicopters requiring a type rating.

(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (h)(5) of this section, an applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(3) of this section may complete all training and testing (except for preflight inspection) for an additional rating if:

(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and

(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.161 of this part and, since the beginning of the 12th calendar month before the month in which the applicant completes the practical test for the additional rating, has logged:

(A) At least 100 hours of flight time in helicopters; and

(B) At least 15 hours of flight time in helicopters of the same type of helicopter for which the type rating is sought.

(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (h)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”

(6) An applicant who has been issued a license with the limitation specified in paragraph (h)(5) of this section:

(i) May not act as pilot in command of the helicopter for which an additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation is removed from the license; and

(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by the pilot in command, in a helicopter of the same type for which the limitation applies.

(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(3)(ii) (A) through (D), or (h)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section may be issued an airline transport pilot license or an additional rating to that pilot license after successful completion of one of the following requirements:

(A) Preflight inspection;

(B) Normal takeoff from a hover;

(D) Steep approach and landing to an off-airport heliport; or

(ii) An approved course at a training center that includes all training and testing for that certificate or rating and compliance with paragraphs (h)(8) and (h)(9) of this section.

(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (h)(7)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license with an additional rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”

(9) An applicant issued a license with the limitation specified in paragraph (h)(8) of this section:

(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation is removed from the license; and

(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by the pilot in command, in an aircraft of the same type for which the limitation applies.

(i) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a powered-lift rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is used for accomplishing all of the training and the required practical test for an airline transport pilot license with a powered-lift category rating and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and flight training device are subject to the following requirements:

(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that powered-lift type, if the rating involves a type rating in a powered-lift, or is representative of a powered-lift if the applicant is only seeking a powered-lift category rating and does not require a type rating.

(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated under part 142 of the ECARs.

(3) All training and testing requirements (except preflight inspection) must be accomplished by the applicant to receive a powered-lift category rating and type rating, if applicable, without limitations; and:

(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and

(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.163 of this part and at least one of the following:

(A) Hold a type rating for a turbine-powered powered-lift, or have been designated by a military service as a pilot in command of a turbine-powered powered-lift, if a turbine-powered powered-lift type rating is sought;

(B) Have at least 1,200 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be in turbine-powered powered-lifts;

(D) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different powered-lifts requiring a type rating.

(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (i)(5) of this section, an applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (i)(3) of this section may complete all training and testing (except for preflight inspection) for an additional rating if:

(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and

(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.163 of this part and, since the beginning of the 12th calendar month before the month in which the applicant completes the practical test for the additional rating, has logged:

(A) At least 100 hours of flight time in powered-lifts; and

(B) At least 15 hours of flight time in powered-lifts of the same type of powered-lift for the type rating sought.

(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (i)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”

(6) An applicant who has been issued a license with the limitation specified in paragraph (i)(5) of this section:

(i) May not act as pilot in command of the powered-lift for which an additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation is removed from the license; and

(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by the pilot in command, in a powered-lift of the same type for which the limitation applies.

(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (i)(3)(ii) (A) through (D) or (i)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section may be issued an airline transport pilot license or an additional rating to that pilot license after successful completion of one of the following requirements:

(A) Preflight inspection;

(B) Normal takeoff from a hover;

(D) Steep approach and landing to an off-airport site; or

(ii) An approved course at a training center that includes all training and testing for that license or rating and is in compliance with paragraphs (i)(8) and (i)(9) of this section.

(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (i)(7)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license with an additional rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”

(9) An applicant issued a pilot license with the limitation specified in paragraph (i)(8) of this section:

(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation is removed from the license; and

(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of supervised operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by the pilot in command, in a powered-lift of the same type for which the limitation applies.

(j) Waiver authority. Unless the ECAA requires certain or all tasks to be performed, the examiner who conducts the practical test for an airline transport pilot license may waive any of the tasks for which the ECAA approves waiver authority.

61.159 Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, a person who is applying for an airline transport pilot license with an airplane category and class rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least:

(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time.

(2) 100 hours of night flight time.

(3) 75 hours of instrument flight time, in actual or simulated instrument conditions, subject to the following:

(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this section, an applicant may not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device.

(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(3) of this section if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of the ECARs.

(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device, representing an airplane.

(4) 250 hours of flight time in an airplane as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which includes at least:

(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and

(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.

(5) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience requirements of paragraph (a) of this section may be obtained in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents an airplane, provided the aeronautical experience was obtained in an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of the ECARs.

(b) A person who has performed at least 20 night takeoffs and landings to a full stop may substitute each additional night takeoff and landing to a full stop for 1 hour of night flight time to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this section; however, not more than 25 hours of night flight time may be credited in this manner.

(c) A commercial pilot may credit the following second-in-command flight time flight time toward the 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot required by paragraph (a) of this section, provided the time is acquired in an airplane:

(1) Required to have more than one pilot flight crewmember by the airplane's flight manual, type certificate, or the regulations under which the flight is being conducted;

(2) Engaged in operations under part 121 of the ECARs for which a second in command is required; or

(3) That is required by the operating rules of the ECARs to have more than one pilot flight crewmember.

(4) Except for flight time gained as second in command performing the duties of pilot-in command while under the supervision of a pilot in command, not more than 50 percent of the second –in-command time credited under this paragraph may be credited towards the 1500 hours of total time as a pilot required by paragraph (a) of this section.

(5) A maximum of 150 hours as flight time gained as sedcond-in-command performing the duties of pilot-in-command while umder the supervision of a pilot in command, may be credited towards the 1500 hours of total time ad a pilot required by paragraph (a ) of this section

(d) An applicant may be issued an airline transport pilot license with the endorsement, “Holder does not meet the pilot in command aeronautical experience requirements of ICAO,” as prescribed by Article 39 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, if the applicant:

(1) Credits second-in-command time under paragraph (c) of this section toward the 1,500 hours total flight time requirement of paragraph (a) of this section;

(2) Does not have at least 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot, including no more than 50 percent of his or her second-in-command time; and

(3) Otherwise meets the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.

(e) When the applicant specified in paragraph (d) of this section presents satisfactory evidence of the accumulation of 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot including no more than 50 percent of his or her second-in-command flight time, the applicant is entitled to an airline transport pilot license without the endorsement prescribed in that paragraph.

61.161 Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.

(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot license with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating, must have at least 1,200 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least:

(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;

(2) 100 hours of night flight time, of which 15 hours are in helicopters;

(3) 200 hours of flight time in helicopters, which includes at least 75 hours as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof; and

(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument meteorological conditions, of which at least 50 hours are obtained in flight with at least 25 hours in helicopters as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof.

(b) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section, subject to the following:

(1) Training in a flight simulator or a flight training device must be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a rotorcraft.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, an applicant may receive credit for not more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a flight simulator and flight training device.

(3) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the aeronautical experience is accomplished in an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.

61.163 Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category rating.

(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot license with a powered-lift category rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least:

(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;

(2) 100 hours of night flight time;

(3) 250 hours in a powered-lift as a pilot in command, or as a second in command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which includes at least:

(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and

(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.

(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument conditions, subject to the following:

(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, an applicant may not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device.

(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of the ECARs.

(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a powered-lift.

(b) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience requirements of paragraph (a) of this section may be obtained in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a powered-lift, provided the aeronautical experience was obtained in an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.

61.165 Additional aircraft category and class ratings.

(a) Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating. A person applying for an airline transport license with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating who holds an airline transport pilot certificate with another aircraft category rating must:

(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;

(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c) of this part;

(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;

(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.161 of this part; and

(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(4) of this part.

(b) Airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating. A person applying for an airline transport certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating who holds an airline transport pilot certificate with another aircraft category rating must:

(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;

(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c) of this part;

(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;

(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.159 of this part; and

(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(1) of this part.

(c) Airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating. A person applying for an airline transport license with an airplane category and multiengine class rating who holds an airline transport license with another aircraft category rating must:

(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;

(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c) of this part;

(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;

(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.159 of this part; and

(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(2) of this part.

(d) Powered-lift category. A person applying for an airline transport pilot license with a powered-lift category rating who holds an airline transport license with another aircraft category rating must:

(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;

(2) Pass a required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c) of this part;

(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;

(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.163 of this part; and

(5) Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(3) of this part.

(e) Additional class rating within the same aircraft category. A person applying for an airline transport license with an additional class rating who holds an airline transport license in the same aircraft category must:

(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153, except paragraph (f) of that section;

(2) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if applicable;

(3) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of subpart F of this part; and

(4) Pass a practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e) appropriate to the aircraft rating sought.

61.167 Privileges.

(a) A person who holds an airline transport pilot license is entitled to the same privileges as those afforded a person who holds a commercial pilot license with an instrument rating.

(b) An airline transport pilot may instruct Only as provided in this section when the airline transport pilot holds a flight instructor license, in which case the holder may exercise the instructor privileges of subpart G of part 61 for which he or she is rated

(c) An airline transport pilot may not instruct in Category II or Category III operations unless he or she has been trained and successfully tested under Category II or Category III operations, as applicable.

61.169 Renewal requirement

Refer to ECAR 61.56 , 61.57 and 61.58